Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS1052 > 6 - Nervous System Organisation > Flashcards

6 - Nervous System Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the levels of biological organisation

A

Atoms -> molecules -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
-> organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe response to picking up a glass of water

A

Stimulus (glass) -> sensory receptor (eye) -> sensory neuron -> relay neuron (in brain) -> motor neuron -> effector (bicep muscle) -> response (pick up glass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the PNS composed of?

A

Everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s a nerve?

A

Bundle of axons from multiple neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions control?

A

Homeostasis and functions beyond voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest & digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rostral

A

Front/towards nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Caudal

A

Back/towards tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal

A

Top/towards back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ventral

A

Bottom/towards belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lateral

A

Left/right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medial

A

Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coronal

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sagittarius

A

Plane straight down nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the key areas of CNS?

A
  1. Spinal cord connects brain w/ PNS
  2. Brain stem
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Diencephalon
  5. Cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Spinal cord connects brain w/ PNS
A

Conduit for info — sends out motor info and receives sensory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s the central gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

Cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s the peripheral white matter of spinal cord?

A

Myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons in spinal cord?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do sensory neuron axons enter spinal cord?

A

Dorsal root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do sensory neurons synapse in spinal cord?

A

Dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are motor neuron cell bodies in spinal cord?

A

Ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do motor neuron axons exit in spinal cord?

A

Ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where do motor neurons synapse?

A

on muscle fibres

28
Q

What’s the brain stem composed of?

A

Medulla, pons and midbrain

29
Q
  1. Cerebellum
A

Role in motor control — motor learning, coordination and incorporating sensory feedback

30
Q

What cognitive functions is the cerebellum implicated in?

A

Attention and language

31
Q
  1. Diencephalon
A

Contains thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland and corpus callosum

32
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station and gateway controlling flow of sensory & motor signals to/from cerebrum. Regulates sleep, consciousness and alertness

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates metabolic processes

34
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland critical for homeostasis

35
Q

Pineal gland

A

Endocrine organ modulates sleep

36
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Cut in extreme seizures — unable to transfer info between 2 sides of brain

37
Q
  1. Cerebrum
A

Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system

38
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outermost sheet of neural tissue. Sensory perception, motor control, affect, cognition

39
Q

Basal ganglia

A

4 internal nuclei form feedback circuits w/ cerebral cortex. Motor control, behaviour switching, learning, reward.

40
Q

Limbic system

A

Collection of nuclei grouped for location. Hippocampus & amygdala

41
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory and spatial navigation

42
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotional valence and importance of stimuli

43
Q

What’s involved in protecting nervous system?

A

Meninges, CSF, blood-brain barrier

44
Q

Meninges

A

3 membranes protecting CNS

45
Q

What are the 3 membranes of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater and Pia mater

46
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost membrane closest to skull, tough in elastic surrounding CNS, contains large blood vessels

47
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Appearance & consistency of spider web, no space between dura, impermeable to fluid

48
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin membrane adheres close to brain surface
Separated from arachnoid by space filled w/ CSF
Many blood vessels

49
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by what?

A

Choroid plexus

50
Q

Where is choroid plexus?

A

In the ventricles

51
Q

What space does CSF fill?

A

Sub-arachnoid space and ventricles

52
Q

Functions of CSF

A

Cushions brain and carries metabolic waste from brain to bloodstream

53
Q

Ventricles

A

4 interconnected cavities in core of brain continuous with central canal of spinal cord & sub-arachnoid space and filled with CSF

54
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Restricts entry of macromolecules into brain and shields brain from abnormal variations in ionic composition and potentially toxic molecules

55
Q

What can pass freely into brain?

A

Lipids and water

56
Q

What do tight junctions between endothelial Cells & capillaries restrict?

A

Entry of macromolecules to brain

57
Q

Are astrocytes involved w/ BBB?

A

No - but they regulate blood flow

58
Q

T/F - brain has low metabolic demand

A

False

59
Q

What supplies blood to brain and spinal cord?

A

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries

60
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Arterial ring in blood supply to brain that helps maintain supply if major supplies blocked.

61
Q

What distributes blood supply in brain?

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

62
Q

What can cause local damage in brain tissue?

A

Stroke

63
Q

How do we study single neuron extracellularly?

A

Electrode in extracellular space detects APs as spikes

64
Q

Advantages of extracellular recordings

A

Invasive but little damage to cells

Easy to maintain stable recordings and can record for long periods

65
Q

Disadvantages of extracellular recordings

A

Expensive equipment
Difficult to determine how many cells recording from
Difficult to determine exact cell type
Can’t get info about properties of individual cells

BMS1052 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions