6 - Molecular biology of the cell Flashcards by Jessica Herbert

The structure marked 1 is the nucleus:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

Nucleus
Contains nucleic acids and proteins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The structure marked 2 is the nuclear pores:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The structure marked 3 is the nucleolus:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

RNA making factory
Nucleolus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity:
red and green nucleic acids bound together by hydrogen bonds
1

1-DNA base pairs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 2
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA

2-gene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 3
Histone-DNA packed into a ball-like structure “beads on a string”

3-Nucleosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 4
Positively charged proteins DNA wraps around

4-Histones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 5
Nucleosomes coiled into a fiber called..

5-Chromatin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 6
Single continuous DNA molecule that join making two almost identical/slightly different DNA

6-Chromatid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 7
Where the chromatids touch in the center

7-Centromere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 8
2 chromatids packed together to make…

8-Chromosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ____, just upstream of the gene, is important for binding of transcription factor TFIID.

TATA box
YAYA sequence
LALA
YOLO baby

TATA box

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The transcription complex involves ___ transcription factors.

Many
Three
One
Two

Many!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The spliceosome forms a ____ in the RNA as the first step in removing the intron.

Kink
Loop
Fork
Knot

Loop

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The process of removing the introns from pre-mRNA is called:

Spoofing
Splicing
Splitting
Biffing

Splicing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Soon after the start of transcription a ____ is added to the 5’ end of the pre-mRNA.

Methylated cap
Doug cap
Poly-A tail
Campaign cap

Methylated cap

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After completion in of transcription at the 3’ end of the pre-mRNA poly A polymerase synthesizes the:

Methylated cap
PolyA tail
Campaign cap
Polly tail

PolyA tail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Messenger RNA is used by the ribosome to make:

RNA
Nucleotides
Proteins
DNA

Proteins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transcription is the process of turning ___ into ___ .

DNA into RNA

A ____ is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.

Spliceosome
RNA polymerase
Ribosome
Nuclear pore

Ribosome

What regions are important for the function of tRNAs in protein synthesis? Mark all that apply

Substrate pocket
TATA box
Amino acid binding stem
Anticodon

Amino acid binding stem
Anticodon

The letters of mRNA that code for an amino acid are called:

Codiac
Koniocellular
Codon
Code

Codon

_____ is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template.

Transcription
Translation
Ablation
Consternation

Translation

Stages of translation include:
Mark all that apply

Termination
Initiation
Damnation
Perdition
Elongation

Termination
Initiation
elongation

The first codon is typically: UUU UAG AAA AUG

AUG

There are two or three sites on the assembled ribosome that hold transfer RNA Bound to a single amino acid or amino acid chain. Some authorities define an E (exit) site, where the empty tRNA leaves the ribosome. Mark the two other sites. A site P site N site X site

A site P site

When a stop codon is encountered by the ribosome, a ____ parks at the A site. Release factor Blocked tRNA Blank RNA Nonsense tRNA

Release factor

The role of topoisomerase is to: Make short segments of DNA Relax the supercoiling of DNA Make RNA primers Open the DNA double helix

Relax the supercoiling of DNA

The role of helicase is to: Relax the supercoiling of DNA Make short segments of DNA Open the DNA double helix Make RNA primers

Open the DNA double helix

The role of the lagging strand DNA polymerase is to: Make RNA primers Open the DNA double helix Relax the supercoiling of DNA Make short segments of DNA (Okazaki fragments)

Make sure short segments of DNA (Okazaki fragments)

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the ___ direction. 5’ to 3’ Left to right 3’ to 5’ Right to left

5’ to 3’

DNA primase adds 10-12 ____nucleotides to the lagging strand. Sugar DNA RNA Protein

RNA

The fragments of DNA that are built off the primer on the lagging strand are called: Lagging strand fragments 3’ nucleotides 5’ nucleotides Okazaki fragments

Okazaki fragments

The enzyme that ties together the fragments on the lagging strand is called: DNA primase Topiosomerase Helicase DNA ligase

DNA ligase

Match numbered structure to its name: 1-end of chromosome 2-short end 3-middle 4-long end 5-single strands

1-telomere 2-p arm 3-centromere 4-q arm 5-chromatid

Match the phase of the cell cycle to its characteristic features. G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase DNA synthesis Organizing and condensing the genetic material Partitioning genetic material into two daughter cells Preparing to divide

G1-preparing to divide S-DNA synthesis G2-organizing and condensing the genetic material M-partitioning genetic material into two daughter cells

During _____, diploid cells undergo DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division, producing four haploid sex cells. Mitosis Meiosis G0 phase Cytokinesis

Meiosis

You have two copies of chromosome 1, one inherited from your mother and one from your father. Your mother’s chromosome 1 is: The same as your cousins chromosome1 Your grandmother’s chromosome 1 Exactly the same as as your sister A mixture of maternal grandmother’s and maternal grandfather’s chromosome 1

A mixture of maternal grandmother’s and maternal grandfather’s chromosome 1.

Stages of mitosis in correct order: Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase

1- Prophase 2- Metaphase 3- Anaphase 4- Telophase

Which of the following steps are included in interphase? Select all that apply: G1 phase M phase G2 phase S phase

G1 G2 S

Gametes are formed through a process called: Mitosis G1 phase S phase Meiosis

Meiosis

Match the stage of meiosis to the number of DNA molecules. 23, 46, 92 Beginning of meiosis I End of meiosis I End of meiosis II

Beginning of meiosis I - 92 (tetraploid) End of meiosis I - 46 (diploid) End of meiosis II - 23 (haploid)

Synopsis is the physical event which leads to crossing over, the swapping of genetic material between homologous (same number) chromosomes. Crossing over (recombination) occurs during: Mitosis Meiosis I Meiosis II

Meiosis I

Which of the following are gametes? Mark all that apply: Neurons Eggs Skin cells Sperm

Eggs Sperm

Before cells divide, DNA is copied through the process of replication. The double helix is unzipped and new nucleotides bind to their complementary bases on the free strands, forming ___ duplicates of the original. Two Three Four Five

Two

During DNA replication each tRNA molecule carries _____. As the tRNAs bind to mRNA, these link together creating __. Chromosome; double helix Adenine; replication An amino acid; a peptide chain A DNA molecule; protein

An amino acid; a peptide chain

Mitosis begins in the: Cell nucleus Peptide chain Double helix Cytoplasm

Cell nucleus