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Anatomy & Physiology > 6 - Molecular biology of the cell > Flashcards

6 - Molecular biology of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

The structure marked 1 is the nucleus:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

A

Nucleus
Contains nucleic acids and proteins

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2
Q

The structure marked 2 is the nuclear pores:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

A

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores

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3
Q

The structure marked 3 is the nucleolus:
Select all that apply

RNA exits the nucleus here
Nuclear pores
Contains nucleic acids and proteins
RNA making factory
Nucleolus
Nucleus

A

RNA making factory
Nucleolus

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4
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity:
red and green nucleic acids bound together by hydrogen bonds
1

A

1-DNA base pairs

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5
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 2
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA

A

2-gene

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6
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 3
Histone-DNA packed into a ball-like structure “beads on a string”

A

3-Nucleosome

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7
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 4
Positively charged proteins DNA wraps around

A

4-Histones

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8
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 5
Nucleosomes coiled into a fiber called..

A

5-Chromatin

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9
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 6
Single continuous DNA molecule that join making two almost identical/slightly different DNA

A

6-Chromatid

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10
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 7
Where the chromatids touch in the center

A

7-Centromere

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11
Q

Match the numbered structure to its identity: 8
2 chromatids packed together to make…

A

8-Chromosome

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12
Q

The ____, just upstream of the gene, is important for binding of transcription factor TFIID.

TATA box
YAYA sequence
LALA
YOLO baby

A

TATA box

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13
Q

The transcription complex involves ___ transcription factors.

Many
Three
One
Two

A

Many!

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14
Q

The spliceosome forms a ____ in the RNA as the first step in removing the intron.

Kink
Loop
Fork
Knot

A

Loop

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15
Q

The process of removing the introns from pre-mRNA is called:

Spoofing
Splicing
Splitting
Biffing

A

Splicing

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16
Q

Soon after the start of transcription a ____ is added to the 5’ end of the pre-mRNA.

Methylated cap
Doug cap
Poly-A tail
Campaign cap

A

Methylated cap

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17
Q

After completion in of transcription at the 3’ end of the pre-mRNA poly A polymerase synthesizes the:

Methylated cap
PolyA tail
Campaign cap
Polly tail

A

PolyA tail

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18
Q

Messenger RNA is used by the ribosome to make:

RNA
Nucleotides
Proteins
DNA

A

Proteins

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19
Q

Transcription is the process of turning ___ into ___ .

A

DNA into RNA

20
Q

A ____ is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.

Spliceosome
RNA polymerase
Ribosome
Nuclear pore

A

Ribosome

21
Q

What regions are important for the function of tRNAs in protein synthesis? Mark all that apply

Substrate pocket
TATA box
Amino acid binding stem
Anticodon

A

Amino acid binding stem
Anticodon

22
Q

The letters of mRNA that code for an amino acid are called:

Codiac
Koniocellular
Codon
Code

A

Codon

23
Q

_____ is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template.

Transcription
Translation
Ablation
Consternation

A

Translation

24
Q

Stages of translation include:
Mark all that apply

Termination
Initiation
Damnation
Perdition
Elongation

A

Termination
Initiation
elongation

25
Q

The first codon is typically:

UUU
UAG
AAA
AUG

A

AUG

26
Q

There are two or three sites on the assembled ribosome that hold transfer RNA Bound to a single amino acid or amino acid chain. Some authorities define an E (exit) site, where the empty tRNA leaves the ribosome.
Mark the two other sites.

A site
P site
N site
X site

A

A site
P site

27
Q

When a stop codon is encountered by the ribosome, a ____ parks at the A site.

Release factor
Blocked tRNA
Blank RNA
Nonsense tRNA

A

Release factor

28
Q

The role of topoisomerase is to:

Make short segments of DNA
Relax the supercoiling of DNA
Make RNA primers
Open the DNA double helix

A

Relax the supercoiling of DNA

29
Q

The role of helicase is to:

Relax the supercoiling of DNA
Make short segments of DNA
Open the DNA double helix
Make RNA primers

A

Open the DNA double helix

30
Q

The role of the lagging strand DNA polymerase is to:

Make RNA primers
Open the DNA double helix
Relax the supercoiling of DNA
Make short segments of DNA (Okazaki fragments)

A

Make sure short segments of DNA
(Okazaki fragments)

31
Q

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the ___ direction.

5’ to 3’
Left to right
3’ to 5’
Right to left

A

5’ to 3’

32
Q

DNA primase adds 10-12 ____nucleotides to the lagging strand.

Sugar
DNA
RNA
Protein

A

RNA

33
Q

The fragments of DNA that are built off the primer on the lagging strand are called:

Lagging strand fragments
3’ nucleotides
5’ nucleotides
Okazaki fragments

A

Okazaki fragments

34
Q

The enzyme that ties together the fragments on the lagging strand is called:

DNA primase
Topiosomerase
Helicase
DNA ligase

A

DNA ligase

35
Q

Match numbered structure to its name:

1-end of chromosome
2-short end
3-middle
4-long end
5-single strands

A

1-telomere
2-p arm
3-centromere
4-q arm
5-chromatid

36
Q

Match the phase of the cell cycle to its characteristic features.

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase

DNA synthesis
Organizing and condensing the genetic material
Partitioning genetic material into two daughter cells
Preparing to divide

A

G1-preparing to divide
S-DNA synthesis
G2-organizing and condensing the genetic material
M-partitioning genetic material into two daughter cells

37
Q

During _____, diploid cells undergo DNA replication followed by two rounds of cell division, producing four haploid sex cells.

Mitosis
Meiosis
G0 phase
Cytokinesis

A

Meiosis

38
Q

You have two copies of chromosome 1, one inherited from your mother and one from your father. Your mother’s chromosome 1 is:

The same as your cousins chromosome1

Your grandmother’s chromosome 1

Exactly the same as as your sister

A mixture of maternal grandmother’s and maternal grandfather’s chromosome 1

A

A mixture of maternal grandmother’s and maternal grandfather’s chromosome 1.

39
Q

Stages of mitosis in correct order:

Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase

A

1- Prophase
2- Metaphase
3- Anaphase
4- Telophase

40
Q

Which of the following steps are included in interphase?
Select all that apply:

G1 phase
M phase
G2 phase
S phase

A

G1
G2
S

41
Q

Gametes are formed through a process called:

Mitosis
G1 phase
S phase
Meiosis

A

Meiosis

42
Q

Match the stage of meiosis to the number of DNA molecules.

23, 46, 92
Beginning of meiosis I
End of meiosis I
End of meiosis II

A

Beginning of meiosis I - 92 (tetraploid)
End of meiosis I - 46 (diploid)
End of meiosis II - 23 (haploid)

43
Q

Synopsis is the physical event which leads to crossing over, the swapping of genetic material between homologous (same number) chromosomes. Crossing over (recombination) occurs during:

Mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II

A

Meiosis I

44
Q

Which of the following are gametes?
Mark all that apply:

Neurons
Eggs
Skin cells
Sperm

A

Eggs
Sperm

45
Q

Before cells divide, DNA is copied through the process of replication. The double helix is unzipped and new nucleotides bind to their complementary bases on the free strands, forming ___ duplicates of the original.

Two
Three
Four
Five

A

Two

46
Q

During DNA replication each tRNA molecule carries _____. As the tRNAs bind to mRNA, these link together creating __.

Chromosome; double helix
Adenine; replication
An amino acid; a peptide chain
A DNA molecule; protein

A

An amino acid; a peptide chain

47
Q

Mitosis begins in the:

Cell nucleus
Peptide chain
Double helix
Cytoplasm

A

Cell nucleus

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

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