6 MARKERS Flashcards
Outline three ways in which the organisation of schooling may be ethnocentric.
1.
Ethnocentric curriculum
History is taught from the perspective of white christians, leaving out other religious viewpoints
- calender
School calender is based around christmas so non-christian religions miss school to celebrate their own
3.
Outline three ways in which schooling might contribute to social stability.
1.
Provides role allocation
schools match students skills to suited jobs to ensure social stability
2.
Continues socialisation process through secondary socialisation, prepares children for their adult role
3.
Provides pupils with specialist skills they need within society
Outline three reasons why labelling in schools may lead to the formation of anti school
subcultures form
1.
self fulfilling prophecy
idea that prediction becomes true
2.
setting and streaming
makes student feel inferior
- halo effect
teacher may see a student as badly behaved due to something such as low motivation or ability, resulting in poor relation with student
Outline three factors inside schools that may affect the educational progress that
pupils make
1.
teacher pupil relationship
2.
Labelling
- Subcultures
Outline three reasons why girls generally achieve more highly in education than boys
1.
more positive role models
majority of primary school teachers are female, so from a young age, girls see that they can achieve highly with strong educational skills
2.
changes in womens employment
Growing service sector where women are increasingly likely to be employed over men
women now have better opportunity
3.
Changes in ambitions
Sue sharpe- women used to prioritise getting a family and being married, but now it is to become the breadwinner
Outline three reasons why some minority ethnic groups underachieving education
- more likely to live in a low income household
face problems such as poor quality housing and no working space
2.
Language
english may not be first language, putting them in a disadvantage because they cant understand exams or schoolwork
3.
Teacher labelling
negative labels put on students of ethnic minorities which can lead to self fulfilling prophecy
Outline three reasons why middle class parents are, in general, more successful in
accessing better schools for their children than those from more disadvantaged
backgrounds
1.
Have more money so they afford to pay for private schools which offer better quality education
2.
they can afford to move hosue into a school’s catchment area in order to gain a place
3.
they have educational qualifications and make an educated decisions taking into account league tables and the schools average results
Outline three ways in which privatisation has affected the educational system in
Britain
1.
increased competition between schools and driven up standards
2.
Given parents more choice
they have become consumers and can browse between schools to pick the best one
3.
Linked school funding to success rates which is known as formula funding
Outline three ways in which Marxists see school as being similar to the workplace
Bowles and gintis - correspondence principle
1.
hierarchal structure
2.
Rewards
students are rewarded for good behaviour
3.
strict time keeping
Outline three ways in which government educational policies have attempted to
reduce inequality in achievement between social classes.
1.
Abolition of the tripartite system
meant all pupils would go to the same secondary school, rather than middle-class pupils taking most of the places in the gammer schools
2.
Pupil premium
earmarks funds for schools to spend on meeting the needs of disadvantaged pupils
3.
grants for higher education
make it easier for poorer students to attend univeristy
Outline three ways in which some sociologists have criticised the functionalist view of
the role of education.
1.
marxists argue that the education system isnt meritocratic, there are private schools that benefit the wealthy
2.
education doesnt always teach specialised skills needed, most people learn the skills for their role on the job
3.
Interactionalists argue that functionalists have an ‘over-socialised view of society’, pupils dont passively accept everything thy’re taught and never reject socialisation
Outline three functions performed by education, according to functionalists
sociologists
1.
Gets students ready for work
does this by starting off teaching basic skills that jobs require such as reading and writing
later gives students specific skills such as biology
2.
creates social solidarity
everyone feels apart of something bigger, working towards the collective good
done through the teaching of the same history and literature, helps forge a sense of national identity
3.
Maintains social order
social control function
done through requiring that all students attend and through surveillance, anyone who doesnt conform is disciplined
Outline three ways why the labelling of pupils may lead to the
underachieving
1.
Rist- label students as ‘slow learners’ so place them at the back of class and lack educational quality
2.
Keddie- taught low status knowledge
3.
Rosenthal and jackobson- self fulfilling prophecy
Outline three factors outside the education system that may affect gender
differences in achievement
1.
changes in the family
Women are more likely to take on the breadwinner role
now more divorce and lone parent families
increasing independence of women have left a more uncertain role for men in society
2.
changes in womens employment
number of women and men in paid jobs is the same
growing service sector where women are more likely to be employed by men due to better communication skills
gives women greater opportunity
3.
impact of feminism
Outline three factors that affect working class children’s chances of educational
success
1.
material deprivation
housing, (howard) diet, (calendar and jackson, fear of uni debt) income
2.
cultural deprivation
language, parents education, subcultures
