6 - Library Session**

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of evidence based medicine?

Answer 1

• Clinical judgment
• Relevant scientific evidence
• Px values and preferences

Question 2

What are the 5 A’s of the evidence cycle?

Answer 2

• Assess (clinical evaluation)
• Ask (clinical question development)
• Acquire (searching for the evidence)
• Appraise (critical appraisal of the evidence)
• Apply (applying evidence to the pt)

Question 3

What are background questions?

Answer 3

• Ask for general knowledge about a condition or thing
• 2 essential parts -> question root (who, what, when, where, why, how) and a verb; a disorder, test, tx, or other aspect
• More likely to be asked when our experience is limited
• Answered using textbooks or EDM resources

Question 4

What are foreground questions?

Answer 4

• Ask for specific knowledge to inform decisions or actions
• 4 parts -> pt/ problem; intervention (or exposure); comparison (if any); outcomes
• More likely to be asked as we grow in experience and responsibility
• May require the use of original research published in journal articles

Question 5

Advantages and disadvantages of background questions

Answer 5

• Advantages
• • Fills in knowledge gaps
• • Provides overview of topic
• • References that can be chased for further info
• Disadvantage = goes out of date quickly

Question 6

Sources of background info

Answer 6

• Textbooks (DiPiro’s)
• Reference books (CPS)
• Online drug information resources (Lexicomp, RxTx)
• Electronic reference book collections (Access Pharmacy)

Question 7

What is the difference between filtered and unfiltered info?

Answer 7

• Filtered resources appraise the quality of studies and often make recommendations for practice (ex: systematic reviews/ meta-analyses)
• Unfiltered resources don’t always make evidence readily available; use of specific search strategies to find highest levels of evidence often employed w/ these tools (ex: PubMed)

Question 8

Sources for foreground questions

Answer 8

• PubMed/ Medline/ Embase (unfiltered sources)
• TRIP (filtered and unfiltered sources)
• Cochrane Library (central)
• Scopus, google scholar

Question 9

Describe the PICO question

Answer 9

• P = pt, population, or problem *must be present
• I = intervention *must be present
• C = comparison *not always present
• O = outcome *not always present
• *Should include (in this order) –> among; do/does; versus; affect/ result in

Question 10

Describe Boolean

Answer 10

• Use “AND” to gather different concepts together; focuses a concept, narrows search
• Use “OR” to gather like concepts together; expands a concept, broadens search
• Use “NOT” to exclude words from search; narrows search by telling database to ignore certain concepts that may be implied by your search terms

Question 11

Describe MeSH terms (Medical Subject Headings)

Answer 11

• Used on PubMed
• Apply terms based on what the article is about rather than the words it uses
• Usually 10-15 terms; 3-5 are major concepts
• Deals w/ issues around singular/plural and differences in terminology
• Way to find fewer but more relevant articles