6 Intro to PNS

Question 1

T/F peripheral nervous sys. is both autonomic and somatic?

Answer 1

T.

Question 2

Sympathetics exit the CNS at what levels?

Answer 2

T1-L3

Question 3

Parasympathetics exit the CNS at what levels?

Answer 3

CN 3,7,9,10 and S2-S4 (sacral)

Question 4

Sympa or Parasympa has which of the following? -myelinated preganglionics -peripheral ganglia -unmyelinated postganglionics -Postganglionic transmission sites are on sm. muscle, gland cells & cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Both have all

Question 5

T/F Somatic nervous sys. has ganglia in the periphery?

Answer 5

F. (all in CNS)

Question 6

T/F There are unmyelinated somatic nerves?

Answer 6

F.

Question 7

The tissues of WHICH system can continue functioning independent of innervation? (autonomic or somatic)

Answer 7

autonomic

Question 8

Describe neurotransmitter release & reception

Answer 8

Made -> Put in vesicles -> Ca2+ up -> Released-> diffuse ->Hit receptor ->Diffuse or degrade

Question 9

ACh or NE (acetylcholine or norepinephrine) is released by most postganglionic sympathetics?

Answer 9

NE. [ACh for all preganglionic & postganglionic parasympa]

Question 10

Which system uses dopamine?

Answer 10

Postganglionic sympathetic

Question 11

Name ACh receptor subclasses? (parasympa)

Answer 11

Nicotinic: N1 N2 Muscarinic: M1 M2 M3 M4

Question 12

AChE (acetylcholinesterase) does what? Where?

Answer 12

destroys ACh at synapses. In body, (plasma, liver, glial cells, satellite cells)

Question 13

Where are the following receptors found? N1

Answer 13

N1-sympa, parasympa ganglia [Note N1 is equally sensitive to agonists and antagonists]

Question 14

Name NE (norepinephrine) receptor subclasses? (sympa)

Answer 14

-Alpha1 -Alpha2 -Beta1 -Beta2

Question 15

Mechanism, function, location: alpha 1 receptor?

Answer 15

-G protein coupled -activates phospholipase C -smooth muscle contract (ex, sweat glands)

Question 16

Mechanism, function, location: alpha 2 receptor?

Answer 16

-G protein coupled -inactivates adenylate cyclase -postganglionic sympa terminals & presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals

Question 17

Mechanism, function, location: Beta 1 receptor?

Answer 17

-G protein coupled -activates adenylate cyclase -cardiac muscle, presynaptic adrenergic & cholinergic terminals

Question 18

Mechanism, function, location: Beta 2 receptor?

Answer 18

-G protein coupled -activates adenylate cyclase -smooth & cardiac muscle

Question 19

Dopamine is used where in the peripheral nervous system? Give 1 example

Answer 19

-SOME postganglionic sympathetics -Postjunctional renal vascular sm. muscle

Question 20

Where are the following receptors found? N2

Answer 20

N2-neuromuscular junction

Question 21

Where are the following receptors found? M1

Answer 21

M1-ganglia, secretory glands

Question 22

Where are the following receptors found? M2

Answer 22

M2-smooth & cardiac muscle, sweat glands

Question 23

Where are the following receptors found? M3, M4

Answer 23

M3, M4- smooth muscle, secretory glands

Question 24

Sweat glands are special in innervation… why?

Answer 24

sympathetic innervation, but 1/2 are ACh (“cholinergic sympathetic” muscarinic receptors), 1/2 are NE. [Know this!]

Question 25

Adrenal medulla innervation is special… why?

Answer 25

Modified Sympathetic GANGLIONIC innervation, but use ACh as the neurotransmitter, w/ NO POSTGANGLIONIC fibers.

Question 26

Which 5 body locations have only sympathetics?

Answer 26

Blood vessels Sweat glands Liver Spleen Adrenal gland

Question 27

T/F motor axons are myelinated?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

All somatic nerves have what kind of neurotransmitter? What kind of receptor?

Answer 28

-ACh -Nicotinic

Question 29

ChAT enzyme does what?

Answer 29

Combines AcCoa and Choline

Question 30

VAT transporter does what?

Answer 30

package ACh in vesicles

Question 31

T/G ACh neurons can stimulate themselves by releasing ACh?

Answer 31

T

Question 32

What triggers Ca2+ influx at a nerve terminal?

Answer 32

depolarization

Question 33

What kind of machinery causes vesicles to fuse w/ membrane & exocyose their contents?

Answer 33

protein-protein interactions

Question 34

In summary where is ACh mostly used?

Answer 34

all preganglionic, all postganglionic parasympa, 1/2 of sweat gland sympathetics, all somatic nerves

Question 35

In summary where is NE used?

Answer 35

postganglionic sympathetic

Question 36

What is a co-transmitter’s function? (3)

Answer 36

-Hasten/slow action of primary neurotransmitter -provide feedback inhibition -main transmitter in non-ACh, non-NE nerves

Question 37

Name the co-transmitters? (8)

Answer 37

-purines (adenosine, ATP) -peptides (cholecystokinin, somatostatin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide) -NO (nitric oxide)

Question 38

How does adrenal medulla react when stimulated?

Answer 38

chromaffin cells release epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) into blood (80% Epi)