11 Adrenergics II Flashcards
11
Postsynaptic adrenergic receptors (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2, and DA 1 are primarily located in 4 major areas which are?
1) Cardiac Muscle
2) Smooth Muscle
3) Glands
4) Renal vasculature
11
Drugs that stimulate adrenergic transmission are most commonly used for what?
Hypotensive therapies
11
Drugs that inhibit adrenergic transmission are most commonly used for what?
Hypertensive therapies.
11
Would you inhibit or stimulate adrenergic transmission to increase blood flow to the skin and splanchnic areas?
You would inhibit adrenergics.
11
post ganglionic nerve terminal receptors are alpha 2 and DA 2. Agonist of these receptors have what effects on the body?
They deplete NE agents decreasing the sympathetic response. (This is because they are neg. feedback looping)
11
T/F A post-junctional antagonist of adrenergic receptors has the same overall effect as an agonist of pre-junctional adrenergic receptors?
True
11
Clonidine, Guanabenz, and alpha methyldopa are examples of what type of drug?
alpha 2 receptor agonists.
11
An alpha 2 receptor agonist would cause decreased peripheral resistance, decrease heart rate, and decrease C.O. What effect does an alpha 2 receptor have on blood pressure?
Decreased blood pressure would be observed. However, alpha 2 agonists do not affect baroreceptor reflexes and rarely elicit orthostatic hypertension.
11
Alpha 2 agonist have side effects which include?
1) sedation
2) xerostomia
3) anorexia
4) fluid retention
5) Vivid dreams and CNS stimulation.
11
Bromocriptine is an example of what type of drug?
D2 receptor agonist.
11
Bromocriptine is primarily used as an anti parkinsons agent. What are some of its peripheral side effects?
1) postural hypotension
2) cardiac arrhythmia
11
T/F D2 receptors on post synaptic effector sites in the CNS are involved in negative feedback inhibition?
False. They are not, only in the periphery.
11
Reserpine is considered a NE depleting drug. How does it work? How long does it act.
1) It depletes stores of biogenic amines (Epi, norepi, DA, serotonin) in both the CNS and PNS by blocking transport into storage vesicles.
2) It has a long duration of action.
11
Reserpine has side effects which include?
1) sedation
2) depression
3) Parkinsonian symptoms
4) Increased GI motility leading to ulcers.
11
what function does Guanethidine have?
it prevents the release of NE (only) by stabilizing neuronal membranes and interfering with exocytosis.
11
How does guanethidine get into the nerve terminal?
through the amine 1 transporter
11
what effect does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants (NET inhibitors) have on guanethidine activity?
They both block its activity because guanethidine has to first be taken up by amine 1 transporter to be effective. If this transporter is shut down, then guanethidine becomes ineffective.
11
Why would you give your patient guanethidine?
You would give it to them as an anti hypertensive.
11
Alpha methyldopa is a drug used for?
anti hypertension
11
how does alpha methyldopa work?
Alpha methyldopa replaces DOPA in the synthesis of NE. The result is that you no longer get pure NE but rather alpha methly NE which elicits a much weaker response than pure NE.
11
T/F Alpha methyl NE (MNE) is described as a False Neurotransmitter?
True. It takes the place of NE but does not do the same level of action.
11
Is MNE (methyl NE) able to get into the CNS? What does it do?
Yes. This is how it acts as an anti hypertensive. It targets the brain stem affecting the vasomotor center.
11
what are some of the chronic side effects of methyl NE?
hemolytic anemiahepatitisleukopenialupus like problems.
11
an alpha 1 adrenergic blocker would have what effects?
inhibit constriction/contraction resulting in lower MAPRelieve inhibition on GI
