6. Intergrative Mechanisms: neuronal control

Question 1

What is the white matter of the spinal cord made up of?

Answer 1

Ascending (afferent) tracts

Descending (efferent) effects

Question 2

What is the grey matter of the spinal cord composed of?

Answer 2

Motor and sensory spinal neurone cell bodies
Sensory afferent nerves enter via dorsal horn
Motor efferent nerves enter via ventral horn

Question 3

What is brain tissue divided into?

Answer 3

Grey matter - dense with cell bodies

White matter - mainly connecting axons

Question 4

What is the surface of the brain made up of?

Answer 4

Grey mater and cerebral cortex

Question 5

What is the cerebral cortex folded into?

Answer 5

Gyrus- ridge

Sulcus- groove

Question 6

What do the folds of the cerebral cortex allow?

Answer 6

allows more room for grey matter

Question 7

What are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by?

Answer 7

Corpus callosum

Question 8

What are the two hemispheres of the brain separated by?

Answer 8

The longitudinal fissure

Question 9

What are the four cerebral lobes?

Answer 9

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

Question 10

What is the role of the cerebrum?

Answer 10

Localisation of function

Question 11

What are the features of the cerebrum?

Answer 11

Origin of conscious thought & intellectual function

• Receives somatic sensory info
• Exerts voluntary/involuntary control over somatic motor neurones
• Often conscious of these events
• Different parts of brain carry out different functions

Question 12

What is the role of the pre- central gyrus?

Answer 12

The primary motor cortex

Direct motor activity via brain stem and spinal cord

Question 13

What is the post- central gyrus?

Answer 13

Primary sensory cortex
Recieves info from receptors 
-touch
-pain 
- pressure
-temperature

Question 14

What is contained in the occipital lobe?

Answer 14

Visual cortex

Question 15

What is contained in the frontal lobe?

Answer 15

Gustatory cortex

Question 16

What is contained in the temporal lobe?

Answer 16

Auditory and olfactory cortex

Question 17

What is the basal nuclei?

Answer 17

Grey matter beneath lateral ventricles

Question 18

What is contained in the basal nuclei?

Answer 18

Corpus striatum

Skeletal muscle

Question 19

What does the midbrian contain?

Answer 19

Reticular formation

Reticular activating system.

Question 20

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 20

Adjusts postural muscles - balance

Programming/fine - tuning movement

Question 21

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 21

Receives cardiovascular reflex info

Contains cardiovascular & respiratory control centres

Question 22

What is the limbic system?

Answer 22

Phylogenetically old

Functional Groupin of several cortex regions, basal nuclei and tracts

Question 23

What is the function of the limbic system?

Answer 23

Establishes emotional states and related drives
Links conscious cortical functions to unconscious functions of brianstem
Long term and memory retrieval

Question 24

What is included in the limbic system?

Answer 24

Includes of thalmus
controls emotional states 
Consciously activated reflex movements 
Nervous - endocrine coordination 
Secreting hormones 
Behavioural drives for hunger and thirst 
Regulating body temperature 
Diurnal rhythms