6. Intergrative Mechanisms: neuronal control Flashcards
What is the white matter of the spinal cord made up of?
Ascending (afferent) tracts
Descending (efferent) effects
What is the grey matter of the spinal cord composed of?
Motor and sensory spinal neurone cell bodies
Sensory afferent nerves enter via dorsal horn
Motor efferent nerves enter via ventral horn
What is brain tissue divided into?
Grey matter - dense with cell bodies
White matter - mainly connecting axons
What is the surface of the brain made up of?
Grey mater and cerebral cortex
What is the cerebral cortex folded into?
Gyrus- ridge
Sulcus- groove
What do the folds of the cerebral cortex allow?
allows more room for grey matter
What are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by?
Corpus callosum
What are the two hemispheres of the brain separated by?
The longitudinal fissure
What are the four cerebral lobes?
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
What is the role of the cerebrum?
Localisation of function
What are the features of the cerebrum?
Origin of conscious thought & intellectual function
- Receives somatic sensory info
- Exerts voluntary/involuntary control over somatic motor neurones
- Often conscious of these events
- Different parts of brain carry out different functions
What is the role of the pre- central gyrus?
The primary motor cortex
Direct motor activity via brain stem and spinal cord
What is the post- central gyrus?
Primary sensory cortex Recieves info from receptors -touch -pain - pressure -temperature
What is contained in the occipital lobe?
Visual cortex
What is contained in the frontal lobe?
Gustatory cortex
What is contained in the temporal lobe?
Auditory and olfactory cortex
What is the basal nuclei?
Grey matter beneath lateral ventricles
What is contained in the basal nuclei?
Corpus striatum
Skeletal muscle
What does the midbrian contain?
Reticular formation
Reticular activating system.
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Adjusts postural muscles - balance
Programming/fine - tuning movement
What is the role of the medulla oblongata?
Receives cardiovascular reflex info
Contains cardiovascular & respiratory control centres
What is the limbic system?
Phylogenetically old
Functional Groupin of several cortex regions, basal nuclei and tracts
What is the function of the limbic system?
Establishes emotional states and related drives
Links conscious cortical functions to unconscious functions of brianstem
Long term and memory retrieval
What is included in the limbic system?
Includes of thalmus controls emotional states Consciously activated reflex movements Nervous - endocrine coordination Secreting hormones Behavioural drives for hunger and thirst Regulating body temperature Diurnal rhythms
