6) Insulin Flashcards
What is the role of insulin?
Stimulates uptake of glucose in liver, muscle and adipose
How is insulin modified to become rapidly absorbed?
Modification of B chain - negative charge and monomers of insulin
How is insulin modified to become long acting?
Addition of fatty acid
What are the 6 main insulin categories?
Ultrafast acting Rapid acting Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting Very long acting
Describe ultra fast insulin including its onset, duration and usage:
5-15 mins onset
4-6 hrs duration
Meals and acute hyperglycemia
Describe short acting insulin including its onset, duration and usage:
30-60 mins onset
8-10 hours duration
Meals - 15-30 mins before
Describe intermediate insulin including its onset, duration and usage:
2-4 hours onset
12-20 hours duration
Basal insulin
Describe long acting insulin including its onset, duration and usage:
2-6 hours onset
24 hours duration
Basal insulin, overnight
Describe the insulin pump:
Senses blood glucose and can give insulin when needed
What are the adverse effects of insulin?
Hypoglycemia
Lipodystrophy
Lipohypertrophy - fatty tissue growth at injection site
Why are there often prescribing errors with insulin?
Name incorrect
Dose unclear
u instead of units
What is the mechanism of action of Orlistat?
Gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor so reducing dietary fat conversion to fatty acids and glycerol
What is the major limitation of Orlistat?
Causes soft fatty stools leading to flatus with faecal discharge or faecal incontinence
What is the mechanism of action of sibutramine?
Noradrenaline and serotonin uptake inhibitor
What are the effects of sibutramine?
Appetite suppression, reduction in hyperglycaemia
