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forensics > 6 FP, 8 mICrospy, 11 hair > Flashcards

6 FP, 8 mICrospy, 11 hair Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Identification(Anthropometry)

A

Alphonse Bertillion
Bertillions sytem
1. Portrait parle- detailed description of the person
2.full lenth and profile photographs.
3.Anthropometry- body measurements

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2
Q

Francis Galton

A

In 1892 published FP
proposed loops, whorls, arches
and that prints are unchanged and not identical

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3
Q

Dr. Juan Vucetich

A

1891 developed FP classification system used in spainsh speaking countries

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4
Q

Sir Edward Richard Henry

A

1897 proposed another system which is used today

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5
Q

US V Byron C Mitchell 1999

A

Judge ruled that human friction ridges are unique and permanent and
Human ridge skin arrangements are unique and permanent.

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6
Q

Fundamental Principiles of Finger Print

A

First principle: FP is an individual charateristic, no two fp are alike, galtons calcutations 64 billion, and the individuality of a FP is determined by its Ridge characteristics known as minutiae.
Second principle:FP will remain unchanged in persons life
Third principle: FP have a general ridge patterns that permit them to be classified by a system.

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7
Q

Loops( FP)

A

60-65% OF Population
Must have 1 or more ridges
all loops must have one delta
radial loops open toward thump
ulnar loops open toward the little finger

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8
Q

Whorls (FP)

A

30-35% of poupulation
must have type lines
must have minimum of 2 deltas

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9
Q

arches (fp)

A

5% OF POPULATION
do not have type lines, deltas, or cores
2 groups- plain arches and tented

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10
Q

The Henry System

A

primary classifcation by the prescense or absence on the whrol patterern.

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11
Q

Fingerprint Development

A

Visible: Ridges placed on a surface after contact with a colored material.(blood, paint,ink)
Plastic: Ridges left on soft material(wax, soap, dust)
latent: Hidden or invisible- transfer of body sweat/oils( must be enhanced)

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12
Q

Types of surfaces FP

A

Nonporus- Glass, mirror, tile,hard plastic,metals - developed with powder or superglue and powder.
Porus- paper, cardboard,cloth,wood

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13
Q

RUVIS

A

Reflected ultra violet imagining system- handheld device to detect FP on nonporus surfaces without chemicals or powder.

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14
Q

FP powders

A

Black- for white or light surfaces
gray/white- for dark surfaces
magnetic- for leather or rough plastic
powders adhere to sweat/body oil

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15
Q

Iodine Fuming FP

A

oldest chemical method
fumes combine with fatty oils or water from sweat. fade quickly so photograph

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16
Q

Silver nitrate

A

For porus surfaces, reacts with salt

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17
Q

Ninhydrin: Triketohydrindede hydrate

A

reacts with amino acids in perspiration
FOR LATENT PRINTS ON PAPER AND PORUS SURFACES
sprayed on

18
Q

ORDER OF APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS

A

First fume with iodine
next treat with ninhydrin
apply physical developer last- silvernitrate based

19
Q

Super glue fuming

A

Non-porus surfaces
cyanoacrylate ester- super glue

20
Q

Perservation and compariosn of FP

A

Photography
lifting tape
ACE-V
Analysis
comparison- observers ridge flow and patttern
evaluiation-comparioson of a fp rudge charteristics
verifcation-verfied by another examiner

21
Q

Automated Fingerprinte identifications system AFIS

A

automatic scanning devices convert FP image digital minutiae using bifurcations and ridge enddings.

22
Q

MICROSOPY

A

The analytical approach in which a microscope plays a central role in maximizng the extraction of useuful information from a variety of samples.

23
Q

Compound microscope

A

two lenses -objecitve and eyepiece- 1500x

24
Q

PARTS OF MICROSOPE

A

illuminator-light to field
condenser-the device collects light rays from the base and concentraes them on specicmen
objectice lens-close to specimen
eyepiece or occular lens- total maginifcation of image viewed is eyepiece times objectve lens.
4x eyepiece X 10x Objective lens= 40x magnification

25
Q

FOV AND DEPTH OF FOCUS

A

BOTH DECREASE AS MAGNIFCATION INCREASES

26
Q

Numerical aperture

A

the ability of the obj lenses to resolve fine structured detail in the speicifmen
the higher the number the better the resoultion

27
Q

Empty magnification

A

the maximum useufl magnification of a compound microsop is approx 100 times the NA of the obj being used. any attempt to increase the total magnifciation beyond this will yield no additional detail.

28
Q

steroscopic microscope

A

10-25x
most used in forensics
3-d image

29
Q

comparison microscope

A

side by side comparioson view of 2 seperate specimen

30
Q

poloarizng microscope

A

redirects light waves to one plane
detects with a second polarizer
anaylzes birefringent materials that poloarize light

31
Q

microspectrophotometer

A

anaylzes traces materials- inks, paints , fibers , gunpowders
visible spectra, uv spectra or infared

32
Q

scanning electron microscope

A

1millionx
usues a beam of electrons
combines with an axray anaylyzer to idenfity elemental compositions

33
Q

FORESNIC PALYNOLOGY

A

Examination of pollen and spores
pollen grains: the single celled male gametophytes of seed bearing plants
spores: Both maile and femile gamestes of platnts from alagea, fungi, mosses, ferns.

34
Q

hair facts

A

5million hairs with 1 million on head
average head of hair consits of around 120,000 hairs with a growth speed of 1/4 to 1/2 inch per month, and reproducitcve growth cycle lasting 2 to 5 years.
this can help an examiner determine when a person dyed their hair last

35
Q

MEDULLA of hair

A

in humans it is amorphous(lacking in structure) and may not be present sometimes and is generally 1/3 less the diamerter of the shaft
in animals the mdeulla is always tehre and 1/3 greater the diameter of the shaft

36
Q

FIBERS AND MORE

A

natural fibers-animals:wool, cashmere,mink rabbits
vegeteable-cotton hemp, oute
mineral:asbestos
manmade:acetate,polyester,nylon,acrylic,rayon,olefin

37
Q

life cycle of hair

A

Anagen(growth)- last 1000 days(3yrs or more) 90% of hairs on head
catagen(trasnition)-last a few weeks
telogen(final resting)-lasts about 100 days(3-4 months)

38
Q

visible light microspectophotmetry

A

used to compare dyes in fibers

39
Q

thin layer chromatogrpahy

A

can be utsed to compare dyes in fiber

40
Q

Drug

A

A natural or snythetic substance that is used to produce physiological or psychological effects in humans or other higher order animals

41
Q

Forensic science

A

That scientific and professional discipline directed toward the recognition, identification evaluation and individualization of physical evidence by the application of the natural life and social sciences to a law-science matters

forensics (2 decks)

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