6 FP, 8 mICrospy, 11 hair Flashcards
Father of Identification(Anthropometry)
Alphonse Bertillion
Bertillions sytem
1. Portrait parle- detailed description of the person
2.full lenth and profile photographs.
3.Anthropometry- body measurements
Francis Galton
In 1892 published FP
proposed loops, whorls, arches
and that prints are unchanged and not identical
Dr. Juan Vucetich
1891 developed FP classification system used in spainsh speaking countries
Sir Edward Richard Henry
1897 proposed another system which is used today
US V Byron C Mitchell 1999
Judge ruled that human friction ridges are unique and permanent and
Human ridge skin arrangements are unique and permanent.
Fundamental Principiles of Finger Print
First principle: FP is an individual charateristic, no two fp are alike, galtons calcutations 64 billion, and the individuality of a FP is determined by its Ridge characteristics known as minutiae.
Second principle:FP will remain unchanged in persons life
Third principle: FP have a general ridge patterns that permit them to be classified by a system.
Loops( FP)
60-65% OF Population
Must have 1 or more ridges
all loops must have one delta
radial loops open toward thump
ulnar loops open toward the little finger
Whorls (FP)
30-35% of poupulation
must have type lines
must have minimum of 2 deltas
arches (fp)
5% OF POPULATION
do not have type lines, deltas, or cores
2 groups- plain arches and tented
The Henry System
primary classifcation by the prescense or absence on the whrol patterern.
Fingerprint Development
Visible: Ridges placed on a surface after contact with a colored material.(blood, paint,ink)
Plastic: Ridges left on soft material(wax, soap, dust)
latent: Hidden or invisible- transfer of body sweat/oils( must be enhanced)
Types of surfaces FP
Nonporus- Glass, mirror, tile,hard plastic,metals - developed with powder or superglue and powder.
Porus- paper, cardboard,cloth,wood
RUVIS
Reflected ultra violet imagining system- handheld device to detect FP on nonporus surfaces without chemicals or powder.
FP powders
Black- for white or light surfaces
gray/white- for dark surfaces
magnetic- for leather or rough plastic
powders adhere to sweat/body oil
Iodine Fuming FP
oldest chemical method
fumes combine with fatty oils or water from sweat. fade quickly so photograph
Silver nitrate
For porus surfaces, reacts with salt
Ninhydrin: Triketohydrindede hydrate
reacts with amino acids in perspiration
FOR LATENT PRINTS ON PAPER AND PORUS SURFACES
sprayed on
ORDER OF APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS
First fume with iodine
next treat with ninhydrin
apply physical developer last- silvernitrate based
Super glue fuming
Non-porus surfaces
cyanoacrylate ester- super glue
Perservation and compariosn of FP
Photography
lifting tape
ACE-V
Analysis
comparison- observers ridge flow and patttern
evaluiation-comparioson of a fp rudge charteristics
verifcation-verfied by another examiner
Automated Fingerprinte identifications system AFIS
automatic scanning devices convert FP image digital minutiae using bifurcations and ridge enddings.
MICROSOPY
The analytical approach in which a microscope plays a central role in maximizng the extraction of useuful information from a variety of samples.
Compound microscope
two lenses -objecitve and eyepiece- 1500x
PARTS OF MICROSOPE
illuminator-light to field
condenser-the device collects light rays from the base and concentraes them on specicmen
objectice lens-close to specimen
eyepiece or occular lens- total maginifcation of image viewed is eyepiece times objectve lens.
4x eyepiece X 10x Objective lens= 40x magnification
