6. Food Packaging Flashcards
What is required on meat label?
1) Product name (cut name)
2) Inspection legend and establishment number 3)Handling statement
4) Net weight
5) Address line (signature line)
6) Safe handling instructions
7) Ingredients statement
8) Nutrition facts
What are the eight USDA quality grades of beef?
Prime-Choice-Select-Standard-Commercial-Utility-Cutter-Canner
What is the packaging material that is impermeable to gas?
Glass
The common brown grocery bag is made of what type of paper?
Kraft Paper
Which enzyme is associated with the quality of fruits and vegetables?
Pectin Methyl Esterase
What is the package material that prevents entry of microbes and gas?
Hermetic
Why is BPA being removed from plastic?
It’s an estrogen mimic that negatively influence sex ratios in fish and other organisms
When specifying the oxygen permeability of a packaging film what are the three of the five parameters that are given?
Film area-Temperature-Time Film Thickness-Relative Humidity
Name the plastic that was used in McDonald’s clamshells before the company recently stopped using them?
Polystyrene (expanded)
Used in food packaging what do the initials LLDPE stand for?
Linear low density polyethylene
A typical plastic milk bottle is made by a process known as:
Extrusion blow molding
Metal cans are coated with either tin or enamel. What coating should be used for high surface bearing products such as meats-fish-beans?
Enamel Coating
A can seam defect called cut over is also known as what?
Sharp seam (a sharp fin of the cover formed over the top of the seaming chuck flange during the seaming operation)
A double seam consists of how many thicknesses of metal plate?
5 (at the juncture of the end and side of a three piece can there are 7 thicknesses)
Why is stannous chloride added to canned tomatoes?
Because people are used to the tin taste from the good ole days when cans were made of tin
Give an example of a rigid package.
Can
Give an example of a flexible package.
Paper Bottle plastic film
The wall of a plastic container is 1/50 inch thick. How many mils thick is this?
20 mils
Describe the shapes of the two pieces used to make the typical two piece metal can for food.
One piece is a cylinder with a closed end and the other is a flat circle
Foods and other grocery store products often contain a series of line and numbers known as the products UPC code. What does UPC stand for?
Universal product code
The best corrugated flute style for stacking performance is:a. A-Flute b. B-Flute c. C-Flute d. D-Flute e. E-Flute
A-Flute (it is the thickest and therefore has the largest area to load)
What is the term for movement of a flavor compound out of the food product and into the package?
Sorption (or scalping or leaching)
What is the definition of flexible package films?
A thickness of .010 inches or less
In a canning operation what is the juncture of the double seam and the side seam of the can called?
Crossover or lap
Give the name of the package most commonly used for UHT milk.
Brik pak or tetra pak
What are the layers of the bag-in-box bag?
Polyethylene/aluminum foil/ polyethylene
Improperly packaged frozen foods often display surface discoloration. What is this defect commonly called and what process causes the defect?
Freezer burn caused by dehydration
What is the most commonly used film for fresh meat vacuum packages?
PVDC (polyvinylidene dichloride)
Name the two pieces in a two piece can.
body and lid
Name the three pieces in a three piece can.
Body, bottom and lid
What does differential tin coating mean?
The thickness of tin coating is different on the inside and outside of the can
What toxic chemical may be found in packages made from recycled paper?
pcb
What materials are used in a retortable pouch?
Polyester and/or oriented polypropylene (outer) / aluminum foil/ Polypropylene
What chemical is used in conjunction with the heat treatment of flexible packages during aseptic packaging of foods?
H2O2
What is the strength of a tin plate measured by?
Base Box
Why are high-basis-weight steel cans preferred over aluminum cans for packaging of heat sterilized foods?
Greater strength is needed to resist the high internal vacuums that occur on cooling
The first FDA approved use of recycled plastic in food packaging was a program to use 25% recycled plastic in bottles containing what product?
Coca-Cola
What is the common name for the US can size 603 x 700?
Number ten can
The most frequently used polymers on food packaging materials are PE-PP-PET. What do these abbreviations stand for?
Polyethylene-Polypropylene and Polyester or Polyethylene Terephthalate
What is the name that is associated with the 1889 discovery of the temperature dependence of reaction rates?
Arrhenius
What is the initiation step in crystal formation?
Nucleation
Name three thermal calucation parameters that can be ascertained from a TDT curve.
Fo - F - Z - D
Name four commercial types of thermal processing .
Steam Retorting Pasteurization (HTST/UHT) - Aseptic - Hot Fill - Frying - Flaming - Baking - Dry Oven
Name three types of cooling procedures for fruits and vegetables.
Convection (blast cooling) Hydrocooling (ice bath) and Low Pressure (evaporative or vacuum cooling)
From which type of starch is a starch sponge made?
Amylpectin
What is the D value of a microorganism that is decreased in population by a factor of ten in two minutes?
Two
If the D value of the critical organism is four and the product is a high acid food what is the F value?
F = 5d = 20
If the D value of the organism is .2 and the product is a low acid food what would the F value be?
F = 12d =2.4
The thermal inactivation of microorganisms and most nutrients obey which order of reaction kinetics?
first Order
During the freeze drying water is removed by a change in state. What is this process called?
Sublimination
What is the general term for a physical change in number/size/shape/orientation/perfection of ice crystals during frozen storage?
Recrystalization
Describe the meaning of a 307x 409 can.
It is a 3 7/16 inches in diameter and 4 9/16 inches in height.
What is the depression below the rim of a can called?
Countersink
If you wanted to keep bread from staling which would be the best storage temperature? A. 5C C. 25C B. 15C D. 35C
35C
Name 3 possible causes of a false seam on a can.
MUSHROOMED can flange Bent can flange Damaged or bent cover curl Misassembly of can and cover Can not properly align at assembly - Improperly filled can (Product Extending over can flange)
What would be the approximate desirable storage temperatures of high fructose corn syrup and liquid dextrose and why are they different?
HFCS-90F (32.2C) Liquid Dextrose -130F (54.4C) - LIQUID DEXTROSE CRYSTALIZES MORE READILY THAN HFCS
Until a few years ago nearly all steel used for cans was coated to inhibit corrosion. What was the material used to coat the can?
Tin
what are the three basic types of food packaging containers?
Primary - Secondary - Tertiary
Some food packaging (such as glass bottles) can have a hermetic closure. What does the term hermetic refer to?
A container that is sealed completely against the ingress of gases and vapors.
Kraft paper is commonly used as butcher wrap. What does the German word Kraft mean?
Strong
In Plastic polymer packaging what does the term thermoplastic refer to?
the ability of the plastic polymer to be melted repeatedly without any physical or chemical change.
What is the new packaging laminate forming technique combining two or more different plastics?
Coextrusion
What does the acronym WVTR stand for in concern with packaging?
water vapor transmission rate
The three external measurements of a can seam include?
Thickness - width (length or height) - counter sink
What does the acronym EVOH stand for in concern with packaging?
Ethylene Vinyl ALcohol
What is a hard swell?
bulged ends of the can cannot be compressed by the fingers.
What is the can defect that results from too high internal can pressure?
Buckling
What are the four principal functions of a food package?
Advertise - Protect the Food - Inform the Purchaser - Contain the Food
Name four advantages of using glass as a packaging material.
Chemically inert -Odorless - High storage stability - May be transparent - Easy to open and reseal - Can be used with vacuum operations
Who invented the process of canning?
Nicolas Appert
Give several examples of active packaging?
Oxygen scavenger - Anti-microbial release - Ethylene scavenger - Vapour removal - Temperature history.
What polymer is more transparent in appearance
LDPE or HDPE?
What is the difference between thermoplastics materials and thermosets materials?
Thermal plastics are a group of uncrosslinked polymers which have amorphous or semi-crystalline structures. Thermosets are crosslinked polymers.
Which polymer has the best heat sealibility?
EVA
In packaging materials covalent bonds are more commonly found than ionic bonds.
TRUE
If temperature increases a PP film will melt and vaporize into PP molecules.
FALSE
As molecular weight increases both tensile strength and viscosity of a packaging polymer increase.
TRUE
Molecular weight of food packaging material is typically between 5000 and 50 000?
False
In extrusion most of the energy for melting the polymer resin comes from heat supplied by the extruder barrel.
FALSE
PVDC is considered more environmental friendly than EVOH.
FALSE
Coextrusion involves using two or more extruders to form multilayer structures.
TRUE
In packaging ready-to-cook meats what type of film should be used if the product is to be heat-shrunk?
PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
If one has a liquid product which is very acidic and reactive the choice of packaging may be…
Glass
In food packaging what do the initials WVTR stand for?
Water Vapor Transmission Rate
Epoxidized oils serve as stabilizers in packaging materials when: A.exposed to air B.they contain liquid foods C.heated or exposed to UV light or D.under mechanical stress
C. heated or exposed to UV light
True/False: metals are added into microwavable popcorn package to achieve increased uniformity of heating
TRUE
What is the term for the threaded part of a glass jar?
Finish
What is the trade name for polytetrafluoroethylene?
Teflon
Most plastic milk containers are made from which resin
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
A papyrus form of paper for packaging was originated from where in 3000 BC?
Egypt
The chinese uses what material for flexible packaging?
Treated mulberry bark
What does the acronym BOPP stand for?
Biaxially-oriented polypropylene
