6. Food Packaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is required on meat label?

A

1) Product name (cut name)
2) Inspection legend and establishment number 3)Handling statement
4) Net weight
5) Address line (signature line)
6) Safe handling instructions
7) Ingredients statement
8) Nutrition facts

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2
Q

What are the eight USDA quality grades of beef?

A

Prime-Choice-Select-Standard-Commercial-Utility-Cutter-Canner

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3
Q

What is the packaging material that is impermeable to gas?

A

Glass

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4
Q

The common brown grocery bag is made of what type of paper?

A

Kraft Paper

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5
Q

Which enzyme is associated with the quality of fruits and vegetables?

A

Pectin Methyl Esterase

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6
Q

What is the package material that prevents entry of microbes and gas?

A

Hermetic

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7
Q

Why is BPA being removed from plastic?

A

It’s an estrogen mimic that negatively influence sex ratios in fish and other organisms

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8
Q

When specifying the oxygen permeability of a packaging film what are the three of the five parameters that are given?

A

Film area-Temperature-Time Film Thickness-Relative Humidity

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9
Q

Name the plastic that was used in McDonald’s clamshells before the company recently stopped using them?

A

Polystyrene (expanded)

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10
Q

Used in food packaging what do the initials LLDPE stand for?

A

Linear low density polyethylene

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11
Q

A typical plastic milk bottle is made by a process known as:

A

Extrusion blow molding

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12
Q

Metal cans are coated with either tin or enamel. What coating should be used for high surface bearing products such as meats-fish-beans?

A

Enamel Coating

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13
Q

A can seam defect called cut over is also known as what?

A

Sharp seam (a sharp fin of the cover formed over the top of the seaming chuck flange during the seaming operation)

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14
Q

A double seam consists of how many thicknesses of metal plate?

A

5 (at the juncture of the end and side of a three piece can there are 7 thicknesses)

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15
Q

Why is stannous chloride added to canned tomatoes?

A

Because people are used to the tin taste from the good ole days when cans were made of tin

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16
Q

Give an example of a rigid package.

A

Can

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17
Q

Give an example of a flexible package.

A

Paper Bottle plastic film

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18
Q

The wall of a plastic container is 1/50 inch thick. How many mils thick is this?

A

20 mils

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19
Q

Describe the shapes of the two pieces used to make the typical two piece metal can for food.

A

One piece is a cylinder with a closed end and the other is a flat circle

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20
Q

Foods and other grocery store products often contain a series of line and numbers known as the products UPC code. What does UPC stand for?

A

Universal product code

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21
Q

The best corrugated flute style for stacking performance is:a. A-Flute b. B-Flute c. C-Flute d. D-Flute e. E-Flute

A

A-Flute (it is the thickest and therefore has the largest area to load)

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22
Q

What is the term for movement of a flavor compound out of the food product and into the package?

A

Sorption (or scalping or leaching)

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23
Q

What is the definition of flexible package films?

A

A thickness of .010 inches or less

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24
Q

In a canning operation what is the juncture of the double seam and the side seam of the can called?

A

Crossover or lap

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25
Q

Give the name of the package most commonly used for UHT milk.

A

Brik pak or tetra pak

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26
Q

What are the layers of the bag-in-box bag?

A

Polyethylene/aluminum foil/ polyethylene

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27
Q

Improperly packaged frozen foods often display surface discoloration. What is this defect commonly called and what process causes the defect?

A

Freezer burn caused by dehydration

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28
Q

What is the most commonly used film for fresh meat vacuum packages?

A

PVDC (polyvinylidene dichloride)

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29
Q

Name the two pieces in a two piece can.

A

body and lid

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30
Q

Name the three pieces in a three piece can.

A

Body, bottom and lid

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31
Q

What does differential tin coating mean?

A

The thickness of tin coating is different on the inside and outside of the can

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32
Q

What toxic chemical may be found in packages made from recycled paper?

A

pcb

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33
Q

What materials are used in a retortable pouch?

A

Polyester and/or oriented polypropylene (outer) / aluminum foil/ Polypropylene

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34
Q

What chemical is used in conjunction with the heat treatment of flexible packages during aseptic packaging of foods?

A

H2O2

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35
Q

What is the strength of a tin plate measured by?

A

Base Box

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36
Q

Why are high-basis-weight steel cans preferred over aluminum cans for packaging of heat sterilized foods?

A

Greater strength is needed to resist the high internal vacuums that occur on cooling

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37
Q

The first FDA approved use of recycled plastic in food packaging was a program to use 25% recycled plastic in bottles containing what product?

A

Coca-Cola

38
Q

What is the common name for the US can size 603 x 700?

A

Number ten can

39
Q

The most frequently used polymers on food packaging materials are PE-PP-PET. What do these abbreviations stand for?

A

Polyethylene-Polypropylene and Polyester or Polyethylene Terephthalate

40
Q

What is the name that is associated with the 1889 discovery of the temperature dependence of reaction rates?

A

Arrhenius

41
Q

What is the initiation step in crystal formation?

A

Nucleation

42
Q

Name three thermal calucation parameters that can be ascertained from a TDT curve.

A

Fo - F - Z - D

43
Q

Name four commercial types of thermal processing .

A

Steam Retorting Pasteurization (HTST/UHT) - Aseptic - Hot Fill - Frying - Flaming - Baking - Dry Oven

44
Q

Name three types of cooling procedures for fruits and vegetables.

A

Convection (blast cooling) Hydrocooling (ice bath) and Low Pressure (evaporative or vacuum cooling)

45
Q

From which type of starch is a starch sponge made?

A

Amylpectin

46
Q

What is the D value of a microorganism that is decreased in population by a factor of ten in two minutes?

A

Two

47
Q

If the D value of the critical organism is four and the product is a high acid food what is the F value?

A

F = 5d = 20

48
Q

If the D value of the organism is .2 and the product is a low acid food what would the F value be?

A

F = 12d =2.4

49
Q

The thermal inactivation of microorganisms and most nutrients obey which order of reaction kinetics?

A

first Order

50
Q

During the freeze drying water is removed by a change in state. What is this process called?

A

Sublimination

51
Q

What is the general term for a physical change in number/size/shape/orientation/perfection of ice crystals during frozen storage?

A

Recrystalization

52
Q

Describe the meaning of a 307x 409 can.

A

It is a 3 7/16 inches in diameter and 4 9/16 inches in height.

53
Q

What is the depression below the rim of a can called?

A

Countersink

54
Q

If you wanted to keep bread from staling which would be the best storage temperature? A. 5C C. 25C B. 15C D. 35C

A

35C

55
Q

Name 3 possible causes of a false seam on a can.

A
MUSHROOMED can flange 
Bent can flange 
Damaged or bent cover curl 
Misassembly of can and cover 
Can not properly align at assembly -
Improperly filled can (Product Extending over can flange)
56
Q

What would be the approximate desirable storage temperatures of high fructose corn syrup and liquid dextrose and why are they different?

A

HFCS-90F (32.2C) Liquid Dextrose -130F (54.4C) - LIQUID DEXTROSE CRYSTALIZES MORE READILY THAN HFCS

57
Q

Until a few years ago nearly all steel used for cans was coated to inhibit corrosion. What was the material used to coat the can?

A

Tin

58
Q

what are the three basic types of food packaging containers?

A

Primary - Secondary - Tertiary

59
Q

Some food packaging (such as glass bottles) can have a hermetic closure. What does the term hermetic refer to?

A

A container that is sealed completely against the ingress of gases and vapors.

60
Q

Kraft paper is commonly used as butcher wrap. What does the German word Kraft mean?

A

Strong

61
Q

In Plastic polymer packaging what does the term thermoplastic refer to?

A

the ability of the plastic polymer to be melted repeatedly without any physical or chemical change.

62
Q

What is the new packaging laminate forming technique combining two or more different plastics?

A

Coextrusion

63
Q

What does the acronym WVTR stand for in concern with packaging?

A

water vapor transmission rate

64
Q

The three external measurements of a can seam include?

A

Thickness - width (length or height) - counter sink

65
Q

What does the acronym EVOH stand for in concern with packaging?

A

Ethylene Vinyl ALcohol

66
Q

What is a hard swell?

A

bulged ends of the can cannot be compressed by the fingers.

67
Q

What is the can defect that results from too high internal can pressure?

A

Buckling

68
Q

What are the four principal functions of a food package?

A

Advertise - Protect the Food - Inform the Purchaser - Contain the Food

69
Q

Name four advantages of using glass as a packaging material.

A

Chemically inert -Odorless - High storage stability - May be transparent - Easy to open and reseal - Can be used with vacuum operations

70
Q

Who invented the process of canning?

A

Nicolas Appert

71
Q

Give several examples of active packaging?

A

Oxygen scavenger - Anti-microbial release - Ethylene scavenger - Vapour removal - Temperature history.

72
Q

What polymer is more transparent in appearance

A

LDPE or HDPE?

73
Q

What is the difference between thermoplastics materials and thermosets materials?

A

Thermal plastics are a group of uncrosslinked polymers which have amorphous or semi-crystalline structures. Thermosets are crosslinked polymers.

74
Q

Which polymer has the best heat sealibility?

A

EVA

75
Q

In packaging materials covalent bonds are more commonly found than ionic bonds.

A

TRUE

76
Q

If temperature increases a PP film will melt and vaporize into PP molecules.

A

FALSE

77
Q

As molecular weight increases both tensile strength and viscosity of a packaging polymer increase.

A

TRUE

78
Q

Molecular weight of food packaging material is typically between 5000 and 50 000?

A

False

79
Q

In extrusion most of the energy for melting the polymer resin comes from heat supplied by the extruder barrel.

A

FALSE

80
Q

PVDC is considered more environmental friendly than EVOH.

A

FALSE

81
Q

Coextrusion involves using two or more extruders to form multilayer structures.

A

TRUE

82
Q

In packaging ready-to-cook meats what type of film should be used if the product is to be heat-shrunk?

A

PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)

83
Q

If one has a liquid product which is very acidic and reactive the choice of packaging may be…

A

Glass

84
Q

In food packaging what do the initials WVTR stand for?

A

Water Vapor Transmission Rate

85
Q

Epoxidized oils serve as stabilizers in packaging materials when: A.exposed to air B.they contain liquid foods C.heated or exposed to UV light or D.under mechanical stress

A

C. heated or exposed to UV light

86
Q

True/False: metals are added into microwavable popcorn package to achieve increased uniformity of heating

A

TRUE

87
Q

What is the term for the threaded part of a glass jar?

A

Finish

88
Q

What is the trade name for polytetrafluoroethylene?

A

Teflon

89
Q

Most plastic milk containers are made from which resin

A

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

90
Q

A papyrus form of paper for packaging was originated from where in 3000 BC?

A

Egypt

91
Q

The chinese uses what material for flexible packaging?

A

Treated mulberry bark

92
Q

What does the acronym BOPP stand for?

A

Biaxially-oriented polypropylene