6. Drugs Used in Glaucoma

Question 1

What constricts the pupil to cause miosis?

Answer 1

+ of M3 receptors => Iris circular m

Question 2

What dilates the pupil to cause mydriasis?

Answer 2

+ alpha1- adrenergic receptors => Iris radial m.

Question 3

What causes the lens to accommodate for near-vision?

Answer 3

+ M3 receptors => contract Ciliary Muscle => opens up trabecular meshwork to improve outflow of aqeous humor, decreasing IOP.

Question 4

What produces aqueous humor?

Answer 4

Epithelium of Ciliary Muscle

+ of sympathetic NS =

• + B-adrenergic receptor => ⬆︎ production
• + alpha2 adrenergic receptor => ⬇︎ production

Question 5

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in aqueous humor?

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase: transport Na and bicarb ions from the ciliary body => aqueous humor => increase osmotic pressure of AH enhances transport of water to humor => increase its volume

Question 6

What is glaucoma?

Answer 6

1. Disorders that causes optic neuropathy => loss visual sensitivity and field (peripheral vision is lost 1st => central) due to ⬆︎ IOP.

Question 7

Chronic progressive type of glaucoma with no apparent mechanical blockage for the humor outflow

Answer 7

Open-angle glaucoma

Question 8

Acute intermittent partial or complete blockage of the outflow, may have to be treated as an emergency to avoid vision loss

Answer 8

Closed-angle glaucoma