6: Control In Fascist Dictatorship

Question 1

What was the OND and what was its significance?

Answer 1

Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro, established in 1925 to attract ordinary people with a range of activities to enjoy in order to win them over to fascism eg. Film, sports, art etc
By 1939 OND had over 4 million members and gained Fascists more support

Question 2

What was the Cult of Il Duce?

Answer 2

Propaganda to show Mussolini as the sole leader and talented/powerful man. Increased his popularity and said he had saved them from an economic downfall. They never mentioned his weaknesses and the mass media reached all audiences.
However Mussolini began to heavily focus on his image

Question 3

What were reasons and impact of anti-Semitic policies in the 1930’s?

Answer 3

Italy was beginning to get close to Nazi Germany, some saw it as defending the nation however most didn’t like the policies and the Church didn’t support it

Question 4

Impact of the Lateran Treaties on Italy

Answer 4

• Rome recognises as Italy’s Capital
• Education system was made more religious
• Vatican City made as a sovereign state in Rome

Question 5

Impact of the Lateran Treaties on Mussolini

Answer 5

• Church were Mussolini’s ally
• Catholic political youth organisations were dissolved
• Church joined the new regime

Question 6

Impact of the Lateran Treaties on the Church

Answer 6

• New Vatican State with full sovereign rights
• Role of Catholic doctrine in school curriculum
• Church joined the new regime

Question 7

What was the Roman Question?

Answer 7

Debate between Church and State over Land taken away from the Church during the forming of Italy that angered them

Question 8

Forms of Opposition outside of Italy

Answer 8

• Anti-Fascists establishes in Paris 1927

* Communist Party had up to 8000 members, Soviets funded the anti-Fascists in the Spanish Civil War

Question 9

Forms of Opposition in Italy

Answer 9

• Catholic Action
• GL
• Armed Uprising 1943-45
• Underground printing of Anti-Fascist propaganda
• Majortity of Grand Council votes to remove Mussolini and the King dismissed him

Question 10

Who were the OVRA?

Answer 10

Italian Secret Police, formed in 1927 and had 5,000 members. They had the power to arrest and hold suspects without trial