6. Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
What are 5 functions of the kidney?
- Regulation of blood pressure
- Regulation of red blood cell production
- Regulation of bone-mineral metabolism
- Regulates blood pH
- Excretion of water and metabolic waste products
What is chronic kidney disease?
CKD is reduced kidney function for more than 3 months, with unlikely reversal
What factors are used to classify a patients CKD stage?
GFR - glomerular filtration rate
X
ACR - albumin / creatinine ratio
(albumin is a sensitive marker for kidney damage)
What is the most common cause of CKD leading to end stage kidney disease?
And what symptoms will usually be present with this?
Diabetes mellitus
- retinopathy
- neuropathy
- proteinuria
Is a biopsy of one kidney enough to diagnose kidney disease?
Yes.
Disease affects both kidneys.
What is the difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
Nephrotic =
A lot more protein lost in urine. Results in oedema. Low albumin in blood as it is lost in urine.
Nephritic =
Blood loss in urine, some protein loss.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) results in cysts affecting which organs? Liver Lungs Heart Kidney Pancreas Duodenum
Kidneys
Liver
Pancreas
Will a kidney transplant restore lost fertility?
Yes
What are calcium, phosphate, PTH levels like in someone with CKD?
↓ calcium
↑ phosphate
↑ PTH
What needs to be managed in a patient with CKD and how can this be done?
- Blood pressure - ACEi, stop smoking, lose weight
- Cholesterol - statins
- Fluid balance - loop diuretics e.g. furosemide
- Anaemia - erythropoietin
- Bone metabolism - vit D analogues
- Acidaemia - sodium bicarbonate
- Adjust drug dosages
- Reduce potassium + phosphate in diet
What are the treatment options for end stage kidney disease?
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
Conservative care
