6: Autonomic Pharmacology I Flashcards
What organs are included in the central nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
Where do efferent signals travel in relation to the CNS?
Away from the CNS
Where do afferent signals travel in relation to the CNS?
Towards the CNS
What are the two types of somatic nerve fibres found in the PNS?
Somatic afferents
Somatic efferents
What are the kinds of visceral nerve found in the PNS?
Visceral afferent only
Which part of the PNS is found in the GI tract?
Enteric nervous system
Which part of the PNS controls things which are involuntary and don’t require conscious effort?
Autonomic nervous system
What are the two arms of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
What kind of responses is the sympathetic ANS responsible for?
Responses to STRESS
fight or flight responses
What kind of responses is the parasympathetic ANS responsible for?
Responses to maintain homeostasis
Where does the synapse occur in the ANS?
Autonomic ganglion
What are the preganglionic and postganglionic neurotransmitters in the sympathetic ANS?
Preganglionic - ACh
Postganglionic - NA
What are the preganglionic and postganglionic neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic ANS?
Preganglionic - ACh
Postganglionic - ACh
If a neurone is cholinergic, what is its neurotransmitter?
ACh
If a neurone is adrenergic, what is its neurotransmitter?
NA
What is another name for the sympathetic chain?
Thoraco-lumbar outflow
In which range of vertebral levels does the sympathetic chain run?
T1 to L2
Sympathetic synapses occur at (pre-vertebral / para-vertebral) ganglia.
lol
both
Which organ has sympathetic ganglia on its surface?
Adrenal gland
What is another name for the parasympathetic outflow?
Cranio-sacral outflow
Parasympathetic ganglia are usually found (within / outwith) their target organs.
within
Sympathetic ganglia are usually found (within / outwith) their target organs.
outwith
Which cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic outflow?
CN III - oculomotor nerve
CN VII - facial nerve
CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X - vagus nerve
Which ion is involved the release of neurotransmitter from a ganglion?
Ca2+
How is the electrical message transferred across neurones?
Action potential
In the sympathetic ANS, action potentials trigger ___ entry into post-synaptic ganglia and the release of ___.
Ca2+
NA
In the sympathetic ANS, ACh triggers (depolarisation / repolarisation) in the post-ganglionic neurone by opening ion channels.
depolarisation
What is the post-ganglionic neurotransmitter in the sympathetic ANS?
Noradrenaline (NA)
What ion is essential in the release of both ACh and NA from pre and post-ganglionic neurones respectively?
Ca<strong>2</strong>+
What does ACh bind to on the post-ganglionic neurone to generate an action potential?
Nicotinic ACh receptors
What does NA bind to on the target cell to produce a response?
G-protein coupled adrenoceptors
In the parasympathetic ANS, what does ACh bind to on the target cell to produce a response?
G-protein coupled muscarinic receptors
Ligand-gated ion channels are made up of several different ___.
subunits
Receptors for ion channels are often gated to what?
G-proteins
G-proteins couple ___ activation to ___ modulation.
(effector , receptor)
receptor , effector
see sheet on g proteins
