6. Apply The Use Of Social Control To Your Classic Studies Flashcards
Sherif- use of social control
-sherif found that in stage 2 of the procedure 6.4% of rattlers friends were eagles, and 7.5% of eagles friends were rattlers. By stage 3 (reducing friction) 36.4% of rattlers friends were eagles, and 23.2% of eagles friends were rattlers.
-sherif therefore concluded that prejudice and discrimination could be reduced through the use of superordinate goals which required the involvement of all group members to succeed
-this can be used as a positive form of social control as it is reducing prejudice and discrimination seen in society, making it a safer environment to be apart of. Also applications to jigsaw teaching method in classrooms, whereby a task is sp,it between all members of the class, so they learn the value and importance of each member in order to complete the task.
-this could be a negative form of social control however as you are manipulating the beliefs and opinions that people have on other people without consent.
Raine et al- use of social control
-Raine found that the brains of murderers who pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, had lower activity in the prefrontal cortex, the left side of the amygdala, the left side of the hippocampus, but higher then non murderers on the right side, lower in the corpus colossum and the limbic system
-Raine concluded therefore that the brains of murderers who pleaded NGRI does have dysfunction and abnormal activity levels in areas linked to aggression.
-this can be used as a positive form of social control because it means early interventions can be implemented sooner to individuals with identified brain dysfunction, to lower the risk of criminal offences being carried out. Also may lead to reduced prison sentencing and instead a different form of consequence which is more targeted for individuals with brain dysfunction who are unlikely to benefit from time in prison.
-however this may also be a negative form of social control because of the fact these murderers are insane and have brain dysfunction they need to have a different type of treatment which they might not be able to give consent too
Baddeley- use of social control
-Baddeley found that in the fourth trial of word recall, the mean correct word recall in the correct order for condition A (acoustically similar) was 75%, B (acoustically dissimilar) was 70%, C (semantically similar) was 55%, and D (semantically dissimilar) was 85%
-these results show how for condition C the brain got confused by the semantic similarities of the words, muddling up the order that they were presented in
-this can be used as a positive form of social control because
-this can be used as a negative form of social control because
Watson and Rayner- use of social control
-Watson and Rayner found that on the first pairing of the rat with the strike of the pole little Albert jumped and fell forwards. By the 7th pairing he cried and whimpered showing fearful distress
-they concluded that it was possible to create a fear response to a neutral stimulus of a white rat through classical conditioning. The fear was also generalisable to other stimuli like Santa mask, fur coat, white rabbit etc.
-this is a positive form of social control because the process of classical conditioning can be used in a positive way to treat people of their phobias by making positive associations. Systematic desensitisation was proven successful by Capafons treating 90% of patients with a fear of flying. This improves the quality of life of individuals suffering with phobias
-may be used as a negative form of social control. The process of classical conditioning may be used in aversion therapy, where negative associations are created to stop a behaviour being shown. For example, alcoholics may be injected with something to make them feel and be sick when they drink alcohol, creating the association of sickness with alcohol. However they have to be careful that the association isn’t generalised to all liquids/ drinks, and it’s not particularly ethical as a method to stop alcoholism.
Rosenhan- use of social control
-in his first experiment he found that all 8 pseudo patients were admitted onto a ward, with 7/8 being diagnosed with schizophrenia. 35/118 real mentally I’ll patients noticed that pseudos were normal and told staff, only 2 of 2100 pills prescribed were actually swallowed, and many displays of inhumanity and depersonalisation through no doors on toilets and no eye contact when talking.
-concluded there were two types of errors that could be identified, type 1 when a sick person is diagnosed as healthy, and type 2 when a healthy person is diagnosed as sick
-positive form of social control because has allowed for updated rules and regulations to be administered in hospital setting so future staff nurses treat patients more ethically
-negative form of social control because
