10. Assess Gender And Cultural Effects On Psychological Research Flashcards
What is the structure for this debate?
AO1= describing where there is or isn’t a gender or cultural difference
AO3= assessing the impact that that has on application or how good the research is to find out the application
For cognitive topic- Baddely- strength and weakness
AO1: Baddeley had a sample of 72, mixed males and female, all from the applied psychology research unit from the university of Cambridge.
AO3 STRENGTH: Because Baddeley used 10 high frequency words in the English language for each condition acoustically and semantically similar and dissimilar, even if any of the ppts were from different backgrounds and cultures, or English was a second language, as the words were high frequency all ppts were likely to have used and understood the words being tested so there was no cultural effects.
AO3 WEAKNESS: However
For cognitive topic- serbastian and Hernandez gill- strength and weakness
AO1: Sample used was 570, 5 to 17 year olds, all from Madrid Spain. Volunteer sample, all children from preschool, primary and secondary schools. No child had repeated a year and none presented any reading, writing, or hearing difficulties.
AO3 STRENGTH: Gender had no effect on this research as sample was a mix of both genders. This increases the generalisability of the findings and application to the whole population.
AO3 WEAKNESS: Is an ethonocentric and culturally biased sample as all from the capital city of Spain, so same area. Also as the children spoke Spanish, it was concluded average digit span was lower for Spanish children compared to English children, because Spanish words for digits are longer then the English equivalent, so took more time to rehearse. (cuatro and four)
For learning topic- Capafons- strength and weakness
AO1: Capafons sample was a volunteer sample through a media campaign. In total 41, 27 females and 17 males. Treatment and non treatment group were matched for sex, age and anxiety levels. There were 21 in control group, and 20 in treatment.
AO3 STRENGTH: Both genders were used in the study and was a matched ppt design therefore application has high generalisability and high internal validity a can establish the SD treatment caused the improvement in fear of flying.
AO3 WEAKNESS: Sample is likely to be culturally bias because of how they were recruited. The media campaign would have been advertised in the local area meaning all participants that volunteered were from the same area to have seen the advert. This limits application to wider population as unsure if systematic desensitisation is effective for everyone
For learning topic- Bandura- strength and weakness
AO1: Used 72 3-5 year olds, from Stanford University nursery in California. 36 boys, 36 girls, matched ppt design
A03 STRENGTH: Equal numbers of boys and girls so no gender effects. Also all conditions tested with boys and girls having same sex aggressive/ non aggressive model and opposite sex aggressive/ non aggressive model.
AO3 WEAKNESS: Culturally biased as all children from same nursery in California, limiting the generalisability of the application to different parts of the US and to the general population, as nursery may have had an influence.
For biological topic- Raine- strength and weakness
AO1: Sample of 82, 41 in control group, 41 murderers who pleaded NGRI in California, USA. 39 males and 2 females per condition. Matched ppt design on age, sex, ethnicity.
AO3 STRENGTH: Although sample had a lot more males then females being studied, the proportion which they were studied as is representative of the prison population, therefore increases generalisability of the findings that brain activity was different to other murderers in prisons.
AO3 WEAKNESS:
For biological topic- Brendgen- strength and weakness
AO1: 234 twin pairs
AO3 STRENGTH:
AO3 WEAKNESS:
For social topic- Burger- strength and weakness
AO1: Sample of 70 adults, 29 men and 41 women, aged between 20 and 81. 60% had uni degrees, 55% were white Caucasian, 4% black Afro-American. Sample obtained by distributing flyers at libraries, markets, coffee shops.
AO3 STRENGTH: Not culturally biased as a range of ethnicities in sample. Also both genders studied although higher proportion of females to males in sample. Improved generalisability from when Milgram conducted this experiment therefore application of obedience being universal more generalisable to whole of wider population
AO3 WEAKNESS: Although sample has diversity in culture, all volunteered to participate through advertisements and flyers sent around the local area. This therefore means they all came from the same area so lowers the representativeness of sample and the generalisability to the wider population
For social topic- Sherif- strength and weakness
AO1:
AO3 STRENGTH:
AO3 WEAKNESS:
