6 Flashcards
1
Q
buddha bamiyan
A
- cut rock w/ plaster and polychrome; 400-800; afghanistan
- bamiyan: at western end of silk road
- smaller buddha: historical buddha
- larger: vairocana, universal buddha
- pilgrims can walk thru cave galleries into passageways tht lead to the level of the buddha’s shoulders
2
Q
Jowo Rinpoche
A
- enshrined in the Jokhang temple
- 641 ; gilt metal w/ semirpecious stones and paint ; lhasa, tibet
- Tibet’s most revered religious icon, was made in India
- depiction of buddha sakyamuni (historical buddha) as a young man - age 12
3
Q
great stupa
A
- sanchi, madhya pradesh, india ; stone masonry, sandstone ; 3rd cent BCE - 1st cent CE
- buddhist shrine; mound shaped
- It was probably begun by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the mid-3rd century bce and later enlarged.
- hemispherical dome - replication of dome of heaven
- 3 umbrellas at top rep buddha, buddhas law, monastic orders
- 4 TORANAS
4
Q
Borobudur
A
- 800; volcanic stone masonry; java, indonesia
- SAILENDRA dynasty
- massive buddhist monument; 504 life-size buddhas, 1500 stupas + …
- meant to b circumambulated on each terrace
- place of pilgrimage
- PYRAMIDAL in form /
5
Q
mandorla
A
almond-shaped circle of light around the figure of christ or buddha
6
Q
wat
A
buddhist monastery/temple in camobida
7
Q
mandala
A
a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism.
8
Q
shiva as lord of dance
A
- (nataraja) w/ a nimbus (halo surrounding a supernatural being)
- CHOLA dynasty ; cast bronze
- periodically destroys universe so it can b reborn again
- It combines in a single image Shiva’s roles as creator, preserver, and destroyer of the universe and conveys the Indian conception of the never-ending cycle of time.
9
Q
Lakshmana Temple
A
- sandstone; 900s; Khajuraho, India; CHANDELLA dynasty
- sensuous figures w/ revealing clothing
- placed on high pedestal
- covered almost completely with images of over 600 gods in the Hindu Pantheon.
10
Q
Angkor, the temple of angkor wat
A
- city of angkor thom, cambodia; ANGKOR dynasty 800-1400; stone masonry, sandstone
- capital of medieval cambodia
- dedicated to vishnu; most sculptures represent vishnu’s incarnations (horror vacui of sculptural reliefs)
- complex built by successive kings installing various deities in the complex
- sculpture in rhythmic dance poses
11
Q
Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings
A
- artist BICHITR, watercolor, gold and ink on paper; 1620
- Bichitr’s self-portrait in the lower left corner conveys the respect that Jahangir accorded to painters
- Jahangir surrounded by halo of sun and moon - he is the source of all light
- asserts that Jahangir favors the spiritual over the worldly. He hands a book, the most respected of objects in both Islam and the court, to a Sufi shaykh (a religious scholar). Below (and therefore implicitly less important than) the shaykh stand an Ottoman sultan and King James I of England
12
Q
column of trajan
A
- marble; rome, italy; 113
- narrates 2 main campaigns trajan fought against Dacians chronologically
- burial chamber of Trajan, whose ashes were placed in the base
- stood amid Forum
- view would impress visitor w/ trajan’s accomplishments
13
Q
forum of trajan
A
- Apollodorus of Damascus; 110; rome, italy
- built w/ booty collected from trajan’s victory over dacians
- large central plaza flanked by buildings
14
Q
market of trajan
A
- 110; brick and concrete; rome
- multilevel mall
- semicircular building
- barrel-vaulted shops
15
Q
pantheon
A
- IMPERIAL roman; concrete w/ stone facing; rome
- dedicated to all the gods
- corinthian capital porch in front of building
16
Q
head of a roman patrician
A
- REPUBLICAN roman; marble; 50BCE
- realism of the portrayl shows influence of greek hellenistic art
- extremely realistic face (VERISTIC portrait)
- full of experience and wisdom - traits valued by romans
- features may have been exaggerated to enhance adherence to reublican virtues
17
Q
Augustus of Prima Porta
A
- IMPERIAL roman; marble
- This statue is not simply a portrait of the emperor, it expresses Augustus’ connection to the past, his role as a military victor, his connection to the gods, and his role as the bringer of the Roman Peace.
- idealized view
- contrapposto
18
Q
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
A
- marble; IMPERIAL roman
- Extremely crowded surface with figures piled on top of each other. Figures lack individuality
- roman army defeats barbarians
- confusion of battle is echoed by congested composition
19
Q
reliquary of sainte-foy
A
- ROMANESQUE; gold, silver, gemstones, enamel over wood
- reliquary of young girl martyred; she refused to sacrifice to roman gods in a pagan ritual
- jewels, gems, crown added over the years by the faithful
20
Q
Bayeux Tapestry
A
- Romanesque ; embroidery on linen
- misnomer - actually an embroidery
- tells the story in latin of william’s conqueust of england at the battle of hastings
- neutral background; flat figures - no shadows
21
Q
chartres cathedral
A
- GOTHIC; limestone and stained glass; chartres, france
- dedicated to mary
- flying buttresses
- fire forced reconstruction of everything except facade
22
Q
Palace of Westminster
A
- london, england; GOTHIC (style only; gothic revival); Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin; 1840-1870
- meant to be seat of gov (still is today) - houses of parliament meet here
23
Q
Röttgen Pietà
A
- Late medieval Europe (Germany); painted wood
- andachtsbild - used to private devotion
- shows christ emaciated, drained of all blood, all tissue, all muscle
- christ suffering, mary angry/confused - humanization of religious themes
- The artist humanizes Mary by giving her strong emotions. Mary’s face looks appalled and anguished because of her son’s death
24
Q
scenes from the apocalypse
A
- from a Moralizaed Bible (bible moralisee); GOTHIC
- illuminated manuscript – ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum
- 8 medallions; format derives from stained glass windows
- moralized bible: biblical text + commentary text
25
Q
blanche of castile and louis ix
A
- GOTHIC; from Moralized Bible; illuminated manuscript - ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum
- As a pedagogical tool, perhaps it played no small part in helping Louis IX achieve the status of sainthood
26
Q
Golden Haggadah
A
- JEWISH; illum manuscript - pigment on vellum
- the plagues of egypt, scenes of liberation and preparation for passover
- illustrates story of jewish exodus from egypt under moses and its subsequent celebration
- used primarily at home; avoids more stringent restriction against holy images in a synagogue
- haggadah means ‘narration’ - fulfills jewish requirement to tell the story as a reminder of god’s mercy
27
Q
arena chapel
A
- GOTHIC; brick, Padua, Italy
- built over ancient roman arena
- aka Scrovegni Chapel after patron
- built to atone for patron’s dad’s sin (usury)
28
Q
last judgment
A
- GIOTTO; gothic; fresco
- from arena chapel
- christ as judge, coming at end of world
- particularly notes those guilty of money-related sins
- cross at bottom center divides saved from damned
29
Q
lamentation
A
- GIOTTO; gothic; fresco
- large range of emotions - st john throws head back
- sadness of scene emphasized by grieving angels, barren trees
- left: OldTest scene of jonah swallowed by whale and returning to life; parallel w/ resurrection
30
Q
Isenheim altarpiece
A
- matthias grunewald; northern renaissance; oil on wood
- placed in monastery hospital where ppl were treated for ‘st anthony’s fire’ - ergotism (causes gangrene, convulsions)
- Emphasizing the suffering and anguish of Christ and his mother’s angst
- intense colors and dramatic lighting throughout
31
Q
pazzi chapel
A
- Filipo Brunellschi; italian renaissance; MASONRY; florence, italy
- heavily influenced by ancient roman temples, esp parthenon
- perfect geometries, proportions
- dome gives feeling of classicism
32
Q
Palazzo Rucellai
A
- leon alberti; italian renaissance; stone, masonry; florence
- It uses architectural features for decorative purposes rather than structural support, like engaged columns of colosseum
- influence of ancient rome, esp colosseum
33
Q
sistine chapel ceiling
A
- fresco; vatican city, italy; high renaissance
- function of sistine chapel: place where new popes r elected
- paintings depict stories from book of genesis
- enormous variety of expresses and poses
- most famous: creation of adam
delphic sybil
- combo of christian religious and pagan mythological imagery
34
Q
the deluge
A
michelangelo, fresco, sistine chapel
- the flood
- details noah n family’s escape of rising flood waters
35
Q
sistine chapel altar wall
A
Last Judgment
- MANNERISM shown in distortions of body, elongations, crowded groups
- in contrast to ceiling, there’re no cornice divisions; 1 large space w/ figures more casually grouped
- christ in center gesturing
- spiraling composition is a rxn against high renaissance harmony of the sistine chapel ceiling
36
Q
il gesu
A
- brick and marble; rome; della porta, da vignola; 15th cent
- gesu means jesus; name emblazened on facade of church
- jesuit church
- large central nave: great auditorium for preaching
- highly visible and prominent altar serves as a theatrical stage for the celebration of the Real Presence in the Eucharist
37
Q
Las Meninas
A
- spanish baroque; oil on canvas; diego velaquez
- The painting represents a scene from daily life in the palace of Felipe IV
- grou portrait of artist in his studio at work; he steps back from canvas and looks at viewer
- king n queen appear in mirror
38
Q
Henri IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’Medici
A
- peter paul rubens; oil on canvas; FLEMISH BAROQUE
- Henry IV is smitten by the portrait, held by gods of love and marriage
- jupiter and juno look down from above; symbolic of marital harmony
- portraits were exchange b4 the marriage
- Marie de’Medici Cycle: series of paintings idealizing Marie’s life in light of the peace and prosperity she brought to the kingdom thru wisdom, devotion to her husband and her adopted country, and strategic marriage alliances
39
Q
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei
A
- NEW SPAIN; late 1600s; master of Calamarca; oil on canvas
- depicted w/ arquebus (form of rifle) isntead of traditional sword
- The angels with guns personify at once the military, aristocracy, and sacred beings, and were adorned with the most lavish attire.
- MANNERIST influence in the stiffness of the figure
40
Q
Screen with Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene
A
- NEW SPAIN; 1700, circle of the gonzalez family; tempera and resin on wood inlaid w/ mother-of-pearl
- war scene: suited for grander room w/ political imptance; DUTCH PRINT used for inspo
- hunting: stuied to intimate space for small receptions
41
Q
virgin of guadelupe
A
- 1690s; NEW SPAIN; miguel gonzalez; oil on canvas on wood inlaid w/ mother-of-pearl
- Our Lady of Guadalupe holds a special place in the religious life of Mexico and is one of the most popular religious devotions. Her image has played an important role as a national symbol of Mexico.
- depicts event wher emary appeared to native amers on a hill
42
Q
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
A
- attr. to juan rodriguez; 1715; oil on canvas; NEW SPAIN
- belongs to a larger series of works that seek to document the inter-ethnic mixing occurring in New Spain among Europeans, indigenous peoples, Africans, and the existing mixed-race population. This genre of painting, known as caste paintings, attempts to capture reality, yet they are largely fictions.
- spanish colonists were comissioned w/ works to be sent abroad to show how new wold caste system works – spanish social hierarchy w/ european ancestry at top
43
Q
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
A
- miguel cabrera; 1750; oil on canvas
- child prodigy who became nun – among privileged nuns who lived in comfort w/ servants; feminist culture existed in these mexican convents
- literary figure; instrumental in giving girls an education
- considered first feminist of the americas
44
Q
chavin de huantar
A
- architectural complex: stone
- lanzon: granite
- jewelry: gold alloy
- northern highlands, peru
- 900 -200 bce
45
Q
lintel 25, structure 23
A
- limestone
- 725ce
- chiapas, mexico
- maya
46
Q
mesa verde cliff dwellings
A
- anasazi
- sandstone
47
Q
great serpent mound
A
- mississippian
- earthwork / effigy mound
48
Q
templo mayor
A
- stone
- aztec
- tenochtitlan, mex city, mex
49
Q
coyolxauhqui stone
A
- volcanic stone
- aztec
50
Q
calenda stone
A
- basalt
- aztec
51
Q
olmec-style mask
A
- jadeite
-
52
Q
Ruler’s feather headdress
A
- feathers (cotinga, quetzal) and gold
- aztec
53
Q
maize cobs
A
- inka
- sheet metal/repousse, gold and silver alloys
54
Q
city of cusco
A
- inkan
- peru
- 1440
55
Q
machu picchu
A
- inka
- granite
1450 - 1540
56
Q
All-T’oqapu tunic
A
- inka
- camelid fiber and cotton
57
Q
bandolier bag
A
- lenape
- beadwork on leather
58
Q
transformation mask
A
- kwakwaka’wakw
- late 1800s
59
Q
Painted elk hide
A
- shoshone
- attr. cotsiogo
60
Q
Black-on-black ceramic vessel
A
- Maria Martinez and Julian Martinez
- blackware ceramic
- Puebloan
