4 Flashcards
1
Q
pyxis of
A
- of al-mughira
- ivory
- umayyad dynasty
- arabic calligraphy IDs owner, asks for allah’s blessings, tells us function - container for expensive aromatics
- gift for caliph’s younger son
- horror vacui
- vegetal n geometric motifs
- 8 medallion scenes showing pleasure activites of royal court
2
Q
folio from the quran
A
- 8th - 9th cent; culture: arab
- ink n gold on parchment
- arabic read r –> l
- great clarity of txt impt b/c several readers read bk at once, some at a distance
- consonants r scripted, vowels r indicated by dots or markings around the other letters
- proportions carefully planned.
3
Q
basin
A
- Baptistère de Saint Louis, by Muhammad ibn al-Zain
- brass inlaid w/ gold n silver
- signed by artist 6x
original use: washing hands at official ceremonies; later: baptisms for french royal family - MAMLUKS
- hunting alternate w/ battle scenes along side
- mamluk hunters, mongol enemies
4
Q
the ardabil carpet
A
- silk on wool
- 1539 - 1540
- culture: islamic
- prayer carpet
- Up to ten weavers could have worked on the carpet at any given time
- one of a matching pair made for a shrine
- high knot count – highly dtailed
- geometric, vegetal, floral patterns
- Maqsud was probably the court official charged with producing the carpets. By referring to himself as a slave, he may be presenting himself as a humble servant.
- The carpet’s border is made up of a frame with a series of cartouches (rectangular-shaped spaces for calligraphy)
5
Q
bahram gur fights the karg
A
- silver and gold accents over ink and opaque watercolor
- 1300s
- persian king bahram gur singlehandedly defeats horned wolf karg
- (persian) iranian manuscript
- depicts a story from Shahnama
- light blue background - atmospheric perspective
- king wears garment of european fabric
- chinese landscape conventions can be seen in bakcgournd – worn, twisted trees; rapidly brushed foreground vegetation
6
Q
the court of gayumars
A
- 1500s; Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper
- comes from an illuminated manuscript of the Shahnama
- chinese influence – swirling blue-gray clouds floating overhead
- 1st persian kng, gayumars, enthroned b4 his community
- left: son ; r: grandson
- court appears in semicircle below him, theyr’re all in court attire, wearing leopard skins
7
Q
the kaaba
A
- rededicated by muhammad in 631 - 632; granite masonry covered w/ silk curtain, calligraphy in gold n silver thread
- mecca, saudi arabia
- means cube in arabic
- lots of modifications
- said to have been built by ibrahim n ishamel for god
- Black Stone is embedded in eastern corner, the only part of the original structure by ibrahim that survives
- muslims circumambulate (tawaf) the kaaba ccw 7x, during which they hope to touch n kiss black stone
8
Q
dome of the rock
A
- 691-692; Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics; dome: gilt aluminum and bronze
- jerusalem
- erected by an umayyad caliph
- domed wooden octagon
- columsn taken frm roman monuments
- center: sacred rock where adam was buried, abraham sacrificed isaac, muhammad ascended to heaven, temple of jerusalem was located
- 1sst use of quran verses in archiecture
9
Q
alhambra
A
- 1354-1391; whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, gilding
- built on hill overlooking granada, spain
- nasrid dynasty (palace of nasrid sultans of southern spain)
- light, airy interiors; fortress-like exterior
- fountains in each room provide cool temps in summer
- court of lions n hall of sisters
10
Q
court of lions
A
(alhambra)
- thin columsn support heavy roofs, a feeling of weightlesness
- central fountain supported by protective lions; animal imagery permitted in secular monuments
11
Q
hall of sisters
A
(alhambra)
- likely a music room or for receptions
- 5000 muqurnas refract light, carved in stucco onto ceiling
- 16 window at top of hall, light dissolves into a honeycomb of stalactites that dangle from ceiling
12
Q
Mosque of Selim II
A
- architect: sinan (chief court architect)
- brick and stone
- edirne, turkey
- inspired by hagia sophia
- extremely thin soaring minarets
- abundant window space – brilliantly lit interior
- octagonal interior
- huge piers support dome
- transitions from square ground plan to round dome achieved by inserting smaller domes into the corners
- part of a complex including hospital, school, library
- open airy inteiror contrasts w/ conventional mosques that have partitioned interiors
13
Q
taj mahal
A
- “crown palace”
- agra, uttar pradesh, india
- stone, marble, precious and semiprecious stones
- typical islamic feature of 1 large arch flanked by 2 smaller arches
- named for mumtaz mahal, deceased wife of shah jahan; died while giving birth to 14th child. her tomb is centrally placed under dome; shahjahan was interred next to her, placed asymetrically
- grounds represent vast funerary garden, the gardens found in heaven in the islamic tradition
- salutes the grandeur of shah jahan n his kingdom
14
Q
the swing
A
- jean-honore fragonard; 1767; oil on canvas
- rococo
- figures r small in dominant gardenlike setting
- atmospheric perspective
- patron in lower left looking up the skirt of a young lady who swings flirtatiously, boldly kicking off her shoe at a cupid sculpture; unsuspecting bishop swings her from behind
- an intrigue painting; patron hides in a bower; cupid asks the young lady to be discreet and/or may be a symbol for the secret hiding of the patron
15
Q
self-portrait
A
- rococ, Elisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, oil on canvas
- all her self-potraits r highly idealized
- looks at viewer as she paints a portrait of marie antoinette, who’s rendered from memory since she was killed during the french rev; she looks admiringly upon painter
- inspired by portraits of rubens
16
Q
the tete a tete
A
- william hogarth, 1743, 18th cent english painting
- 1 of 6 in a suite of paintings called Marriage a la Mode: highly satiric paintings about aristocratic english coeity n those who’d like to buy their way into it
- shortly after marriage:
- husband has been out all night w/ another woman (dog sniffs suspiciously at another bonnet); broken sword means he’s been in a fight n probably lost
- turned-over hciar: violin player made hasty retreat when husband came home
- wife’s been playing cards all night; steward at left indicates by expression that she’s lost a fortune
17
Q
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery
A
- joseph wright of derby; oil on canvas; 1763 - 1765; 18th cent english painting
- influenced by the meeting of a provincial group of intellectuals called the lunar society, who met 1x/month to discuss scientific discoveries
- lamp in center (out of view) is sun
- mixed group of middle class ppl in attendance representing all ages of men; young woman seated to left
- philosopher is based loosely on portrait of newton; he’s demonstrating an eclipse; he stops to clarify a point to the note-taker on the left
- each face of the painting is an aspect of the phases of the moon
- TENEBRISM
18
Q
monticello
A
- thomas jefferson; charlottesville, virginia; brick, glass, stone, wood
- “little mountain” in italian
- chief building on jefferson’s plantation
- octagonal dome
- jefferson obsessed w/ saing space in home: very narrow spiral staircases, beds in alcoves or walls btwn rooms
- appears to be 1-story, but balustrade hides 2nd floor
19
Q
The Oath of the Horatii
A
- jacques-louis david; oil on canvas; NEOCLASSICAL
- EXEMPLUM VIRTUTIS
- neoclassical drapery and tripartite composition; not neoclassical in varavaggio-like lighting
- forms are vigorous, animated
- story from roman legend; horatii (3 bros) r taking oath to defend rome
- women SOs of curatii; grieving
20
Q
george washington
A
- jean-antoine houdon; NEOCLASSICAL sculpture; marble
- richmond, virginia
- late 18th cent
- dressed as 18th cent geneltman
- minilitary aassociations minimized: epaulettes on shoulder n sword cast to side
- naturalistic details: missing button, protruding stomach
- badge of cincinnatus on belt: washington as gentleman-farmer who left mt vernon to take up the american cause the way cincinnatus from the roman republic left his farm to command roman armies
- plow behind symbolizes plantation
- leans on fasces, 13 rods
21
Q
kui hua zi
A
- 2010-2011; sculpted n painted porcelain; ai weiwei
- INSTALLATION; contemporary
- millions of individually handcrafted ceramic pieces resembling sunflower seeds; they represent an ocean of fathomless depth
- seeds made in jingdezhen, city known for porcelain production in imperial china
- seeds were eaten as food during famine under mao zedong
- mao: he was sun, followers were seeds
22
Q
shibboleth
A
- doris salcedo; 2007 - 2008; INSTALLATION
- tate modern, london
- features large crack that begins as hairline then widens to 2ft in depth
- floor of museum was opened n cast of colombian rock faces was inserted
- shibboleth is meant ot exclude ppl from joining group
- references racism n colonialism; keeping people away
23
Q
preying mantra
A
- 2006; mixed media on mylar; wangechi mutu
- collaged female figures composed of human, animal (chicken feet), object, machine parts
- commentary on the female persona in art hist
- female african body subjected to sexism and racism on a global scale
- green snake interlocks w/ fingers, bird feathers in back of head; blotched skin
- ironic twist on the praying mantis – insects use camouflage; this figure seems camouflaged
24
Q
old man’s cloth
A
- el anatsui, 2003, aluminum liquor bottle caps and copper wire
- 1000 drink tops joined by wire to form cloth-like hanging
- new type of media that lies somplace btwn painting n sculpture
- colorful textured wall hangings; relates to west african textiles
- combines aesthetic trads of africa + global art mvmnt of abstract art
25
Q
stadia II
A
- ink n acrylic on canvas; julie mehretu
- Notice the larger circles, triangles, blocks and parallelograms that float across the upper register. Far from arbitrary, these basic pictorial elements could comprise the designs of nearly any country’s national flag. corporate logos n religious symbols interspersed throughout
- stylized rendering of stadium archiecture
- suggests excitement of competition held in circular space (surrounded by intl images)
26
Q
the swing (after fragonard)
A
- mixed media installation; yinka shinobare; tate, london
- life-size headless mannequin; guillotined by french rev
- dress made of african print fabric
- 2 men aren’t included; audience takes their place – erotic voyeurism
27
Q
darkytown rebellion
A
- kara walker, cut paper n projection on wall
- Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art, Luxembourg
- exploration of af-amer in antebellum south: teen holds flag resembling colonial ship sail; 1 man has leg cut off; woman aborting child; woman caring for newborns
- viewer interacts w/ work, walking around; we’re part of the history of the piece
28
Q
lying w the wolf
A
- kiki smith, ink n pencil on paper
- nude female figure; theme of smith’s work is the human body
- large wrinkled drawing pinned to wall; reminiscent of tablecloth/bedsheet
- wolf seems tamed by embrace; trad seen as evil/dangerous, but not here
29
Q
pure land
A
- mariko mori, color photograph on glass
- mori herself appears as if in a vision in the guise of deity Kichijoten, the essence of beauty n harbinger of prosperity n happiness
- holds wish-granting jewel, which has the power to deny evil n fulfill wishes; jewel symbolizes buddha’s universal mind
- animated figures of lighthearted aliens play instruments on clouds
- merging of consumer entertainment fantasies w/ trad jap imagery
30
Q
the crossing
A
- video n sound installaion; bill viola
- implied cycle of purification n destruction
- evokes eastern nw estern spiritual traditions: zen buddhism, islamic sufism, christian mystiicsm
31
Q
electronic superhighway
A
- mixed media (vid installation, neon, steel, n electric components)
- nam june paik
- smithsonian amer art museum
- Ne symbolizes motel n restaurant signs
- camera is turned on for spectator n feed appears in MY monitors; turns spectator into a participant in the artwork
32
Q
pisupo lua afe
A
- (corned beef 2000) michel tuffery; mixed media (made from flattened cans of corned beef)
- pisupo: generic term for canned food eaten in pacific islands; given as gifts on special occasions on polynesia
- canned corned beef a fav food in polynesia, exported from NZ
- canned meat maj contributor to polynesian obesity
- introduction of canned meat cauesd fall in trad cultural skills of fishing, cooking, agriculture
- theme of recycling emphasized by the reuse of these cans
- asks questions about the effects colonial economies have had on Pacific peoples and whether foreign intervention actually encourages independence or fosters dependency
33
Q
no crying allowed in the barbershop
A
- pepon osorio; En la Barberia no se Llora; mixed media installation
- recreates the center of latino male culture: the barbership
- challenges viewer to quqestion issues of identity, masculinity, culture, attitudes
- photos of latino men on walls; video screens on headrests depict men playing, baby being circumcised
- kitsch items used everywhere as symbols of consumer culture
- appropriately tacky, grimy etting
34
Q
rebellious silence
A
- from women of allah series, ink on photograph, shirin neshat (photo by cynthia preston)
- poem on face written in farsi, the persian language; expresses piety
- rifle divides body into darker n lighter side
- westerners view work as expression of female oppression
35
Q
earths creation
A
- emily kngwarreye; synthetic polymer, paint on canvas
- australian aborigine artist
- simulates color and lushenss of the “green time” in australia fter the rains when the outback flourishes
- dumpt dot technique using brush to pound color into the canvas and create layers of color and movement
36
Q
trade
A
- (gifts for trading land w white ppl) jaune quick-to-see smith
- oil n mixed media
- collage elements, abstratct expressionist brushwork
- red paint symbolic of shedding of amer indian blood
- newspaper clippings, images of conquest placed over large canoe
- stresses amer indian social issues caused by european occupation: poverty, unemployment, disease, alcoholism
- array of objects sardonically representing indian culture in european eyes: sports teams, indian-style knickknacks, dolls, arrows
37
Q
dancing at the louvre
A
- acrylic on canvas w/ fabric borders
- faith ringgold
- quilt: slave art for; originally meant to be both beautiful n useful (applied art); traditionally female art form
- feminist issues
- often, figures in ringgold works act out a history that didnt take place but ringgold wouldve like to take place
- ringgold created a character named willia simone who takes her friend + 3 daughters to the louvre and dances in front of 3 da vinci paintings
38
Q
untitled #228
A
- from history portraits series, cindy sherman
- photograph
- modern twist on old master paintings
- explores the theme of Salome beheading st john the baptist
- richness of costuming n setting; richly decorative drapes hang behind the figure
- salome lacks any emotional attachment to the murder
- john appears mask-like, alert, nearly bloodless
39
Q
pink panther
A
- jeff koons, glazed porcelain
- artifically idealized female form: bright red lips, large breasts, red nails (jayne masnfield, screen star)
- pink panther: cartoon character
- commentary on commercialism, pop culture
- kitsch
- life-size
40
Q
a book from the sky
A
- xu bing, mixed media installation (woodblock printed books, scrolls hanging from ceiling, wall panels)
- 400 handmade books placed in rows on the ground; uses traditional asian woodblock techniques
- many characters are artist’s invention n have no meaning
- lost favor w/ communist gov over this work: criticzed as “bourgeois liberation”, claimed that its meaninglessnes hid secret subversions
41
Q
androgyne III
A
- magdalena abakanowicz
- burlap, resin, wood, nails, string
- low stretcher of wooden legs substitute for human legs
- figure hollowed out, just a shell
- figure placed to be seen in the round: complete back, hollow front
- hardened fiber has the appearance of crinkled human skin
42
Q
summer trees
A
- song su-nam; ink on paper
- song was a leader of Sumukhwa, a new type of ink painting in the 1980s
- ink painting a trad form of artist expression korea; this mvmnt revitalizes ink painting in a modern context
- large vertical lines of various thickness; subtle tonal variations of ink wash
43
Q
horn players
A
- jean-michel basquiat; acrylic n oil paintstick on canvas panels
- traditional forms: triptych, canvas, oil paint
- modernist expression: influence of graffiti art
- flattened darkened background; flat patches of color; thick lines
- glorifies af-amer musicians: salute to jazz musicians Parker n Gillespie
- ornithology: charlie “the bird” parker
- heads seem to float over outlined bodiess n dissolve as u go down the body
44
Q
vietnam veterans memorial
A
- maya lin, 1982, washington, d.c.
- black granite
- V-shaped monument cut into earth w/ 60,000 casualties of the war listed in the order they were killed/reported missing
- 1 arm points to lincoln memorial, other to washington monument
- MINIMALIST mvmnt influence
- black granite highly reflective so viewers can c themselves in the names of the vets; black appropriate somber color
45
Q
the gates
A
- christo and jean-claude
- mixed media installation, NYC (fabric panels)
- 7,503 “gates” of free-hanging saffron colored fabric panels
- framed all the pahtways in central park, NYC
- temporary; left up for 16 days; materials recycled after exhibition closed
46
Q
maxxi
A
- zaha hadid; rome, italy
- maxxi national museum of xxi century arts
- glass, steel, cement
- internal spaces covered by transparent glass roof; natural light admitted into interior, filtered by louvered blinds
- walls flow n melt into one another, creating new n dynamic interior spaces
- constantly changing interior n exterior views
47
Q
guggenheim museum bilbao
A
frank gehry
- titanium, glass, limestone
- bilbao, spain
- swirling forms n shapes mark contrast w/ industrial landscape of bilbao
- from the river side, the buildign resembles boat, referencing bilbao’s past as a shipping n commercial center
- curving forms designed by a computer software program called Catia
- revitalized the port area of bilbao; “bilbao effect” - impact a museum can have on a local economy
- asymmetrical exterior w/ outside walls giving no hint to interior spaces
- fixing clips make shallow dent in titanium surface; effect - shimmering surface that changes according to atmospheric conditions
48
Q
the annunciation triptych
A
- aka The Merode Altarpiece
- oil on wood, workshop of robert campin
- 1425-1428
- humanization of traditional themes: no halos, domestic interiors, view into flemish cityscape
- left: donors, middle-class ppl kneeling before the holy scene
- center: annunciation taking place in an everyday flemish interior
- right: joseph in carpentry workshop; mousetrap symbolizes capturing of the devil
- flowers have 3 buds symbolizing trinity, also mary’s purity, unopened bud = unborn jesus
- mary blocks fireplace, or entrance to hell
- towels + water stand for mary’s purity; water is baptism symbol
49
Q
arnolfini portrait
A
- jan ven eyck, oil on wood, 1434
- symbols of weddings:
- shoes cast off, indicating standing on holy grand
- prayerful promising pose of a groom
- dog symbolizes fidelity
- custom of burning candle on 1st night of wedding
- wife pulls up dress, to symbolize childbirth, although she’s not pregnant
- statue of st margaret, patron of childbirth, on bedpost
- 2 witnesses in mirror; perhaps the artist himself, since the inscription reads “jan ven eyck was here 1434”
50
Q
adam and eve
A
- albrecht durer, ENGRAVING
- influenced by classical sculpture; adam looks like ancient greek sculpture The Apollo Belvedere
- ideal image of humans b4 Fall of Man
- contrapposto
- 4 humors represented in animals below: cat, rabbit, elk, ox
- mouse reps satan
- parrot: symbol cleverness
- adam tries to dissuade eve – he grasps mountain ash, a tree from which snakes recoil
51
Q
hunters in the snow
A
- pieter bruegel, oil on wood panel
- 1 of a series of painting repping the months: this is nov/dec
- alpine landscape, winter scene
- strong diagonals lead the eye deeper into the painting
- figures are peasant types, not individuals
- high horizon line, a northern european tradition
- hunters have had little success in hunt; dogs r skinny n hang their heads
52
Q
allegory of law and grace
A
- lucas cranach the elder
- woodcut
- done in consultation w/ martin luther, leader in protestant mvmnt
- left: last judgment —
- moses holds 10comm, which rep the Old Law / catholicism; law of moses not enough to live a good life – skeleton chases a person into hell
- right: figure bathed in christ’s blood – faith in christ alone is needed 4 salvation
53
Q
Madonna and Child with Two Angels
A
- fra filippo lippi; tempera on wood
- humanization of a sacred theme - scene depicted as if in a window in a florentine home
- motif of pearl: seen in headdress n pillow; pearls used as symbols in scenes of the Immaculate Conception of Mary n Incarnation of Christ
- landscape inspired by flemish painting; symbolic (rock formations - Church, city near her head - Heavenly Jerusalem)
- mary seen as young mom
54
Q
birth of venus
A
- sandro botticelli, tempera on canvas
- roses scattered before venus
- left: zephyr (west wind) n chloris (nymph)
- right: handmaiden rusehs to clothe her
- figures sfloat
- landscape flat n unrealistic
- commissioned by Medici
55
Q
david
A
- donatello, bronze
- 1st large bronze nude since antiquity
- exaggerated contrapposto
- stance: nonchalance, contemplating victory over Goliath – goliaths head at david’s feet
- davids head lowered to suggest humility
- laurel on hat indicates david was a poet
56
Q
the last supper
A
- leonardo da vinci; tempera and oil
- commissioned by the Sforza of Milan for the refectory, or dining hall of a Dominican abbey (friars eating biblical meal)
- linear presp; orthogonals of ceiling n floor point 2 jesus
- apostles in groups of 3; jesus alone but before a group of 3 windows symbolizing trinity
- drama of the moment: jesus says “1 of u will betray me”; apostles react, judas falls back clutching his bag of coins, face in darkness
57
Q
school of athens
A
- raphael, fresco
- commissioned by pope julius II to decorate his library
- open, clear light uniformly spread throughout
- overall composition influenced by da vinci’s the last supper
- in center r 2 greatest figures in ancient greek thought: plato n aristotle
- nobility n monumentality of forms parallel gr8ness of the figures represented; they gesture to indicate philosophical thought
- raphael in corner at extreme right, michelangeo resting on stone block writing a poem
58
Q
venus of urbino
A
- Titian, oil on canvas
- looks at us directly
- compelx spatial env: figure placed forward, servants in middle space, open window w/ plants in bckground
- roses contribute to floral motif carried throughout the work
- painting became a standard for future reclining female nudes (Ingres’ La Grande Odalisque + Manet’s Olympia)
59
Q
entombment of christ
A
- jacopo da pontormo; oil on wood; MANNERIST
- center of the circular composition is a grouping of hands
- elongation of bodies, no ground line, hands seem disembodied, linear bodies twisting around 1 another
- **anti-classical
- no tomb, just the carrying of his lifeless body
60
Q
self-portrait w/ saskia
A
- rembrandt van rjin, etching
- only image of him w/ his wife together in an etching
- shows him w/ new bridge
- images of saskia abundant in rembrandt’s output, a source of inspiration 4 him
- marital harmony, saskia as a muse inspiring him
- rembrandt is drawing in the image
- not 4 general safe; 4 private purposes
61
Q
woman holding a balance
A
- johannes vermeer; oil on canvas
- viewer looks in2 private world where seemingly small gestures take on a significance greater than what 1st appears
- light enters from left n warmly highlights textures n surfaces
- moment of weighing n judging, stillness n timelessness
- behind a painting of the last judgment – a time of WEIGHing souls
- balance has nothing in it; pearls n coins on table waiting to be measured
- geometric lines focus on central point at the pivot of the balance
- VANITAS: gold shouldn’t be a false allure
62
Q
fruits and insects
A
Rachel Ruysch, oil on wood
- asymmetrical, artful arrangement
- construct of perfect specimens all in bloom at the same time
63
Q
and there’s nothing to be done
A
- Y no hai remedio; francisco de goya; ROMANTIC
- from Diassasters of War, artwork critical of the french occupation of spain n the subsequent spanish rulers
- drypoint etching
- bitterly ironic n sardonic
- guns at v close range point toward victims, probably spanish patriots, wo’ll soon be killed by french soldiers
- mangled body on ground
64
Q
la grande odalisque
A
- jean-auguste ingres; oil on canvas; ROMANTIC
- raphael-like face
- odalisque: a female slave or concubine in a harem, esp in turkey – turkish elements
- heavily influenced by MANNERISM in the exaggerated body forms
- a further devlopment of the female nude form
65
Q
liberty leading the people
A
- eugene delacroix, oil on canvas; ROMANTIC
- liberty w/ french tricolor marches to overthrow gov soldiers
- red/white/blue echo throughout painting
- child w/ pistols symbolizes role of students in revolt
- liberty wears red cap worn in ancient world by freed slaves
- notre dame w/ french tricolor raised on tower seen through the smoke; this parisian landmark is mixed w/ the true historical event n the symbolic/allegorical figures
- memorializes overthrow of french gov in favor of “citizen king” louis-philippe
66
Q
the scream
A
- tempera and pastel on cardboard; edvard munch
- figure walking along a wharf
- long thick brushstrokes
- figure cries out in horrifying scream, lsndscape echoes his emotions
- discordant colors symbolize anguish
- figure: emaciated, twisting, stick, skull-like head
- ART NOVEAU swirling patterns; SYMBOLIST
67
Q
the kiss (k…)
A
- gustav klimt; oil on canvas
- little of human form is seen: 2 heads, 4 hands, 2 ft
- male fig has large rectangular boxes; female fig has circular forms
- suggests all-consuming love; passion; erotiicsm
- gold leaf remiscent of byzantine mosaics
68
Q
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
A
- louis sullivan
- iron, steel, glass, terra-cotta
- chicago
- horizontal emphasis symbolizes continuous flow of floor space
- maximum window areas to admit light and display store wares
- his motto: “form follows function”
- exterior coated in decorative terra-cotta tiles
69
Q
The Burghers of Calais
A
- auguste rodin, bronze
- 6 burghers offer their lives to the english king in return for saing their beseiged city (calais) during 100yrs war
- figures sculpted individually then arranged
- figures suffer from privation , r weak n emaciated
- each figure has a idff emotion: fear, resignation, forlorn
- central figure is de saint-pierre, who has large swollen hands n noose around neck, ready 4 execution
- details reduced to emphasize overall impression
70
Q
Mont Sainte-Victoire
A
- paul cezanne, oil on canvas, POST-IMPRESSIONSIM
- used perspective thru juxtaposing forward warm colors w/ receding cool colors
- landscape seen from an elevation
- not a momentary of atmosphere as in the impressionsts, but a solid and firmly constructed mountain n foreground
71
Q
where do we come from?…
A
- POST-IMPRESSIONISM paul gaugin; Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?; oil on canvas
- gaugin was determined to commit suicide n have this painting b his artistic last will n testament; thought of this as a summation of his artistic n personal expression
- story of his life read right to left
- r: birth (infant + 3 adults)
- c: mid-life, picking fruit of the world
- l: death
- Blue Idol (a polynesian idol) represents “the beyond”; TAHITIAN imagery
- other nontrad influences: egyptian figures used 4 inspo, japanese prints (solid fields of color, unusual angles)
72
Q
the starry night
A
- vincent van gogh, oil on canvas; POST-IMPRESSIONISM
- thick short brushstrokes; mntns in distance that van gogh could c at his hospital room
- dutch church, mediterranean cypress tree
- at 1 w/ forces of nature
- parts of the canvas can be seen thru brushwork; artist need not fill in every space
- strong l-2-r wavelike impulse in the work, broken only by tree n church steeple
- tree looks like green flames reaching into sky; cypress tree a trad symbol of death n eternal life
73
Q
the coiffure
A
- mary cassatt; drypoint and aquatint; IMPRESSIONISM
- no posing/acting; figure possesses natural charm
- decorative charm influenced by JAPANESE art; jap hairstyle, jap point-of-view (fig seen from back)
- pastel color scheme
74
Q
the saint-lazare station
A
- claude monet, oil on canvas, IMPRESSIONISM
- one of a series depicting this station
- The effects of color and light rather than a concern for describing objects in detail.
75
Q
the horse in motion
A
- eadweard muybridge, photograph
- device used: zoopraxiscope
- photos snapped at evenly spaced points along a track, giving the effect of things happening in sequence
- these motion studies bridge gap btwn still photography n movies
76
Q
The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel
A
- jose velasco; oil on canvas
- glorifies mexican countryside
- dramatic perspective; small human figures
- represents an important period in the development of Mexico’s national identity
77
Q
olympia
A
- edouard manet; oil on canvas
- created a scandal at the salon
- inspired by titian’s venus of urbino
- figure is cold and uninviting, no mystery, no joy; maid delivers flowers from admirer
- olympia: common name 4 prostitutes at the time
- viewers startled by her frank, direct, uncaring look
- stark contrast of colors
- mistress common to upper class parisian men
78
Q
Nadar elevating Photography to Art
A
- honore daumier; LITHOGRAPH
- every building has word ‘photographie’
- presents nadar as a quacky photographer; in his excitement to get a daring shot, he almost falls out of his balloon n loses hat
- mocks claims that photography can b ‘high art’; irony implied in title
- done after court decision determined that photographs could be considered works of art
79
Q
the stonebreakers
A
- gustave courbet; oil on canvas; REALISM
- complete expression of poverty
- breaking stones down to rubble to be used for paving
- 2 men, 1 young, 1 old
- figures born poor, will remain poor 4 their whole live s
- reaction to labor unrest — demanding better working conditons
- large size of painting usually reserved 4 grand historical paintings – elevating the commonplace into the realm of legend n history
80
Q
Slave Ship …
A
- Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On), Joseph Turner
- oil on canvas ; ROMANTIC
- based on trrue story in which slave ship, The Zong, sailed 4 americas full of slaves: slaves insured against accidental drowning but not against sickness; knowing that he wouldnt collect insurance$ on sick slaves, the captain cast them overboard
- emotional use of color, rapid brushwork
- recognizable forms–ship, hands, chains–reduced in size n pale in comparison to the mightiness of turbulent seascape
- bloody sunset - symbol of scene taking place
- use of SUBLIME enhances dramatic impact
81
Q
the oxbow
A
- thomas cole, oil on canvas; ROMANTIC
- actual view in MA
- cole divides landscape into 2 clearly contrasting areas: Romantic on left n Classical on right
- r: man’s touch is seen in cultivated fields n boats
- painted as a reply 2 a british book that alleged that americans had destroyed a wilderness w/ industry
82
Q
still life in studio
A
- louis daguerre; daguerreotype
- still life inspired by painted still lifes – new art form inspired by older art forms
- variety of textures
83
Q
goldfish
A
henri matisse, oil on canvas
- bright orange: FAUVISM
- Goldfish invites the viewer to indulge in the pleasure of watching the graceful movement and bright colors of the fish – viewer relax
- complementary colors
84
Q
Improvisation 28 (second version)
A
- vassily kadinsky; oil on canvas; EXPRESSIONISM
- mvmnt toward abstraction - objects suggested rather than depicted
- strongly articulated use of black lines
- sound n color were linked – title derived from musical compositions
- kadinsky wanted th viewer to respond to painting the way one would to an abstract musical composition
85
Q
self-portrait as a soldier
A
- ernst kirchner; oil on canvas ; EXPRESSIONISM
- he was an ‘unwilling volunteer’ driver in artillery in WWI
- loss of RH indicates his feeling that he has an inability to paint
- nude model represents what he used to paint but no longer can
- nightmarish quality
- colors r non-representational, but symbolic - chosen 2 provide jarring impact
- expressive quality of horrified facial features n grim surroundings
86
Q
Memorial Sheet of Karl Liebknecht
A
Käthe Kollwitz; WOODCUT; EXPRESSSIONISM
- liebknecht: among founders of german communist party; shot 2 death during uprising
- no political reference in the woodcut
- human grief dominates
- stark black n white of the woodcut used to magnify the grief
87
Q
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
A
- pablo picasso; oil on canvas; CUBISM
- 5 prostitutes in brothel on Avignon street, each posing for a customer
- poses aren’t traditionally alluring but awkward, expressionless, uninviting
- 3 on left more conservatively painted, 2 on right more radical; reflects a dichotomy in picasso
88
Q
the portuguese
A
- georges braque; oil on canvas; CUBISM
- fractured forms - breaking down of obj into smaller forms
- nearly monochrome
- not a portrait of a portugese musician, but rather an exploration of shapes
- only realistic elements r stenciled letters n numbers; they suggest dance hall poster behind the guitarist
89
Q
the kiss (b..)
A
- constantin brancusi; limestone
- intertwined n enveloped figures
- 2 eyes become 1
- influence of Cubism in its sharply defined corners
- Marked a major departure from the emotive realism of Rodin’s famous handling of the same subject
90
Q
the steerage
A
- alfred stieglitz; photograph
- diagonals n framing effects of ladders, sails, steam pipes
- depicts poorest passengers on ship traveling from US to europe
- cubist-like in arrangement of shapes n tonal values
- reps social divisions of society
- steerage: part of ship reserved 4 ppl w/ cheapest tickets
91
Q
fountain
A
marcel duchamp; china w/ black paint
- DADA; READY MADE - found obj that duchamp deemed 2 b a work of art
- title is wordplay
- irony of placing urinal upside down
92
Q
Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure)
A
Meret Oppenheim; fur-covered cup, saucer, spoon; SURREALIST
- combination of unlike objects: teacut, saucer, spoon
- assemblag e
- erotic overtones
93
Q
the two fridas
A
- frida kahlo; oil on canvas
- juxtaposition of 2 self portraits
- l: kahlo dressed as spanish lady in white lace
- r: dressed as mexican peasant
- her 2 hearts r intertwined by veins that’re cut by scissors at 1 end n lead to a portrait of her husband (artist rivera); painted at divorce
- vein acts as umbilical cord, associating rivera as husband n son
- blood on her lap suggests abortions n miscarriages
- stormy sky
94
Q
the jungle
A
- gouache on paper mounted on canvas; wilfredo lam
- SURREALIST
- this work ‘intedned to communicate a psychic state’
- addresses history of slavery in colonial cuba
- crescent-shaped faces suggest african masks
- meant 2 suggest sugurcane, which r grown in fields, not jungles
95
Q
Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan
A
- varvara stepanova; photomontage
- CONSTRUCTIVISM
- graphic art 4 political n propaganda purposes
- 5 yr plan: soviet practice of increasing agr + industrial output in 5yr; emphasis on growth of heavy industry rather than consumer goods
- red dominates: color of communist soviet union
- large portrait of lenin dominates; although deceased, his image is used to stimulate patriotism
- CCCP: russian abbrv for soviet union
96
Q
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow
A
- piet mondrian; oil on canvas
- DESTIJL: completely abstract
- only primary colors used: RBY, n neutrals white n black
- severe geometry of form, only rt angles; gridlike forms
- asymmetrical
- no shading
97
Q
fallingwater
A
- frank lloyd wright; reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, glass; 1936-1939
- PRAIRIE STYLE: rejected the idea that buildings should b done in historic styles - should be in harmony w/ site
- cantilevered porches extend over waterfall
- doesn’t even appear to stand on solid ground
- irregularity + complexity of ground plan n design
98
Q
villa savoye
A
- le corbusier; steel and reinforced concrete; INTL STYLE
- poissy-sur-seine, france
- 3-bd villa w/ servant’s quarters
- boxlike horizontal quality
- main part of house lifted off ground by narrow pilotis - thin freestanding posts
- all space utilized, incl roof which cts as patio
- no historical ornamentation
- open interior free of many walls
99
Q
seagram building
A
- Phillip johnson, ludwig van der Rohe, NYC
- steel frame w/ glass curtain wall and bronze
- great simplicity, geometry of design
- interplay of vert n horiz accents
- INTL StyLE
100
Q
The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49
A
- jacob lawrence; tempera on HARDBOARD
- flat simple shapes
- little individuality to figures - collective af-amer experience
- a series of paintings that depicts migration of afamer from rural south to urban north after WWI
- this scene involves public restaurant in north; segregation emphszd by yellow poles tht zigzag down center
101
Q
Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Central Park
A
- diego rivera; fresco
- 1940s mexican mural
- colorful
- horror vacui
- revival of fresco painting, a mexican specialty
- 3 eras of mex history depicted: colonization, diaz dictatorship, revolution of 1910
- depicts a who’s who of mex politics, culture, leadership; incl benito juarez, 5term pres
