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Forensics > 6 > Flashcards

6 Flashcards

1
Q

What will prevent you from acquiring a job in forensic science?

A

• possession of a felony conviction record;
• illegal use of, selling, distributing, or manufacturing controlled
dangerous substances within certain time frames;
• admission of an undetected crime that, if known, would have been a
felony or serious misdemeanor charge;
• conviction of any crime of domestic violence as provided in the
Federal Domestic Violence Law of 1996;
• failure to file state or federal income taxes

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2
Q

What is included in a background investigation?

A

review of arrest or conviction records; drug and alcohol use and abuse screening; review of credit reports; interview of friends, teachers,and supervisors; and possibly a polygraph examination.

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3
Q

Forensic science careers require a high level of _______________________, unquestioned ______________________, and professionalism.

A

trust

ethics

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4
Q

What percent of wrongful convictions result from forensic science malpractice?

A

11%

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5
Q

Know the job and the ethical issues associated with the following individuals:Fred Zain

A

Serologist
• Misstated evidence, falsified laboratory results, reported scientifically implausible results, false testimony

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6
Q

Know the job and the ethical issues associated with the following individuals:James Woodson

A

Investigator

Trafficking Cocaine, Theft of a Controlled Substance (Cocaine),
Official Misconduct, and Tampering with Evidence.

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7
Q

Know the job and the ethical issues associated with the following individuals:Annie Dookhan

A

Chemist

-Forged initials of evidence officer
• Tampered with drug evidence –
altered and faked test results
• Added cocaine to samples in
which no cocaine was presented
• Obstruction of justice
• Falsifying academic records

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8
Q

Know the job and the ethical issues associated with the following individuals:Joyce Gilchrist

A

DNA Analyst

Falsified evidence to help prosecutors

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9
Q

Know the job and the ethical issues associated with the following individuals:Jacqueline Blake

A

FBI Employee Inspector

Making false statements in her lab reports

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10
Q

Biological evidence possesses identifiable and _____________________ traits that make it unique

A

Measurable

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11
Q

How many individuals were targeted by the anthrax attacks?

A

5

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12
Q

How many individuals died from the anthrax attacks? Were any of these individuals the target of the attacks?

A

5

No

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13
Q

How was anthrax being distributed?

A

As powder through letters

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14
Q

What is a cutaneous infection? What is infection by inhalation? Which is more fatal in regard to anthrax?

A

Cutaneous: an infection through the skin/ cut
Inhalation:infection through breathing
Inhalation is most fatal

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15
Q

What happens when anthrax spores are inhaled? What is the fatality rate of anthrax when inhaled?

A

When inhaled they go into the lungs and settle into that alveoli where the bacteria start to reproduce which can cause pneumonia and may cause death

45%

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16
Q

Describe the microbial sampling process used by the FBI after a letter containing anthrax was discovered at the U.S. Capitol addressed to Senator Daschle.
When a letter containing anthrax was discovered at the U.S. Capitol, the FBI used a microbial sampling process that involved determining spore concentrations.

A

Where they used spore concentrations to determine what they were looking for. Took samples from of air from each drum container and looked for spores.

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17
Q

Why was the Leahy letter so valuable to the forensic investigation?

A

most pristine source of spore powder

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18
Q

In the Amerithrax case, what did the investigation focus on? What were the forensic science questions associated with the case?

A

Investigation Focus
• Scientific Knowledge • Lab experience
• Access to pathogen • Motive

Forensic Questions
• What was the pathogen?
• How was it grown?
• Was it genetically engineered?
• How old was it?
• Was it “weaponized”?

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19
Q

Analysis of the anthrax samples identified the strain as the B. anthracis Ames strain. Why was this significant? What information did this provide to the investigation? Why was this scary (how did it complicate the investigation)?

A

It was significant because it was an Ames strain only found in the US. It wasn’t a terrorism act outside of the US and was contained in 16 of the FBI Labs in the US

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20
Q

How was the age of the anthrax from the Leahy letter determined? Was it a new sample or old sample? Why is this important?

A

Radiocarbon

New

It told investigators that someone could have made it just for this act of terrorism

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21
Q

Was the anthrax genetically engineered? How do they determine this? Why is this important?

A

No, they determined this based on on sequencing and culture techniques

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22
Q

Less than ________% of anthrax spores were able to cause inhalation anthrax.

A

1

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23
Q

How did the samples having different morphotypes assist in the investigation?

A

It narrowed it to 8 samples (all from the same lab and bottle)

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24
Q

How did they track down the lab where the anthrax was produced? What lab was it?

A

They matched morphotypes to specific anthrax samples they had all from the USAMRIID lab

25
Q

Who was responsible for the anthrax attacks? What was his motive?

A

Dr.Bruce E. Ivins -his motive was that his vaccine program closing so he did it as a threat to scare the US

26
Q

What does IED stand for?

A

Improvised Explosive Devices

27
Q

In the case discussed in class, at what facility was the IED detonated? What town/state was this facility located in?

A

Bixby Air Force Recruitment Office/Station

Bixby, Oklahoma

28
Q

Which agency had jurisdiction in this case?

A

FBI

29
Q

What is the federal supremacy clause?

A

the Constitution and federal laws take priority over any conflicting rules of state law

30
Q

How many people were injured or killed in the explosion?

A

No one

31
Q

The explosion was initially presumed to be an act of _________________.

A

Hate

32
Q

What evidence was discovered at the scene post-blast?

A

Perimeter is established, police and JTTF conduct interviews in immediate area

33
Q

What is the most commonly encountered type of IED in the United States?

A

Pipe bombs

34
Q

What are the components of a pipe bomb?

A

Tightly sealed section of a pipe filled with an explosive material

35
Q

What is the major concern when dealing with a time bomb?

A

Dismantling the bomb before the time runs out

36
Q

What information was determined from the interviews conducted by the joint terrorism task force and local law enforcement?

A

USAF Recruiter:reported vandalism to its USAF vehicles just days before

Cleaning crew at nature conservatory:heard the explosion, recalled seeing white smoke in front of the USAF office and noticed a man with a backpack riding a red racing motorcycle driving away

Man at hotel:saw the flash, recalled nearly colliding with a red motorcycle before the explosion , and saw the same motorcycle make a U-turn and speed away

Bartender:called 911 and reported seeing a man on a motorcycle driving by as police were setting up crime scene tape

37
Q

How was the suspect initially identified/tracked down?

A

-eyewitness interviews
-federal search warrant was obtained for the Facebook account and account holder was identified, found messages related to the vehicle vandalism location
-DMV inquires revealed the only vehicle registered to the subject was a Honda CB300 motorcycle
-further database searches provide two addresses for the suspect
-surveillance teams help get man

38
Q

How was the suspect apprehended?

A

The subject left the apartment and was arrested while mounting the motorcycle on a probably cause warrant based on the vehicle vandalism referenced in his social media

39
Q

What is a probable cause warrant? How does it relate to this case?

A

A warrant issued by a judge after the police have shown that they have a reasonable amount of suspicion backed up with evidence to arrest or search someone’s property

Man was arrested on a probable cause warrant based on the vehicle vandalism referenced in his social media

40
Q

What is the Fourth Amendment? What are exigent circumstances? In this case, was the suspect’s apartment entered under exigent circumstances?

A

Protects ppl from unreasonable searches and seizures by the gov

Allow law enforcement to conduct warrant less searches and seizures in emergencies when they don’t have enough time to get a warrant

No, they got probable cause warrant

41
Q

What evidence was found in the suspect’s apartment?

A

Box on floor with wires running around the perimeter of the room

Sealed, labeled chemicals

Approximately 2814 grams of unknown powders were discovered along with notes and schematics

42
Q

What type of instrumentation is used to determine the identity of unknown powders?

A

Mass spectrometer

43
Q

What instrumentation was used to determine the contents of the gym bag found in the suspect’s closet? What was in the gym bag?

A

containing two pipe bombs, steel pipe, wiring components, schematics, sulfur powder, Pyrodex, a handgun, assault rifle and other items

44
Q

How did the bomb technicians secure the gym bag, transport it, and analyze the contents?

A
45
Q

Why did the bomb technicians not use a counter charge to detonate the bombs?

A
46
Q

What types of forensic analysis were used or could have been used on the IEDs from the gym bag?

A

Mass spectrometry, explosive residue analysis, x ray systems, gas chromatography

47
Q

What evidence from the IEDS in the gym bag connected it back to the suspect’s apartment?

A

two pipe bombs, steel pipe, wiring components, schematics, sulfur powder, Pyrodex

48
Q

What were the results of the case?

A

7 counts he was found not guilty, plead insanity

49
Q

Need to know a comprehensive list of the evidence used in the case.

A

Vehicles vandalized, red motorcycle, in apartment there was box on floor with wires running around the perimeter of the room, sealed labeled chemicals, approximately 2814 grams of unknown powders with notes and schematics, social media posts, eyewitnesses

50
Q

Define wildlife.

A

all non-domesticated plants,animals, and other organisms…

51
Q

What is the Endangered Species Act?

A

Laws placed in the US to protect fish, wildlife, and plants listed as endangered species

52
Q

What types of cases are investigated by wildlife forensic scientists?

A

Fur, feather, and hide sales, ivory, poaching, bush meat trading, exotic pet trafficking, traditional medicine market, animal abuse and neglect

53
Q

What laws have been passed to protect wildlife?

A

Lacey Act(1900), endangered species act, migratory bird treaty act, marine mammal protection act, the convention on international trade in endangered species (CITES), and federal/state hunting-fishing laws

54
Q

What type of hit and run accident could involve marine mammals?

A

Motor vessel (boats/ship)

55
Q

What are the components of wildlife forensic investigations?

A

1)scene response/documentation
2)evidence recognition/preservation
3)necropsy examining/tissue collection
4)forensic laboratory analyses
5)investigative assistance
6)prosecutorial consultation
7)expert testimony

56
Q

What are the six categories of wildlife crimes?

A

1)wildlife death investigations
2)illegal trade and trafficking
3) harvesting and selling of bushmeat
4)illegal pet trade
5)human crime investigation
6)funding of organized crime and terrorism

57
Q

What is wildlife death investigation?

A

Determining the if and how a crime was committed leading to injury or death of a protected animal

58
Q

What is involved in the illegal trafficking of protected species?

A

Multibillion dollar trade, partnerships with laws enforcement agencies, specifies identification, processed products, bone, skin, tusks, tissue, skins, shells, feathers, lab techniques( DNA to ID)

59
Q

What are some examples of products that are illegally trafficked?

A

Bone, skin, tusk, dried/powdered tissue, shells, feathers, ivory

Forensics (4 decks)

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