6-1 Pneumonia Flashcards
Community Acquired Pneumonia: viral causes?
influenza, RSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, coronavirus
Bacterial causes of CAP:
S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Mycoplasma, chlamydia, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Legionella, Klebsiella and other gram negative rods
Most common bacterial cause of CAP:
S. pneumoniae
Which bacteria is most often found in postinfluenza CAP?
S. aureus
Which CAP bacteria are found in the young and healthy?
Mycoplasma and chlamydia
Which bacteria are found in patients with COPD who have CAP?
H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
Which bacteria are found especially in the elderly, smokers, decreased immunity, and with use of TNF inhibitors in patients with CAP?
Legionella
Which bacteria are found especially in alcoholics and aspiration in patients with CAP?
Klebsiella and over gram negative rods
Which bacteria are found in Hospital-acquired or health care-associated pneumonia?
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter
What are HCAP risk factors?
Hospitalizations or antibiotics within 90 days
Nursing home
Home infusion therapy or dialysis within 30 days
Home wound care
Family member with multiple-drug resistant pathogen
Immunosuppressed
Etiologies of pneumonia in the immunosuppressed?
PCP, fungi, Nocardia, non-TB mycobacteria, CMV (in addition to other common pathogens)
What is aspiration pneumonia?
Chemical pneumonitis due to aspiration of gastric contents
How long does bacterial pneumonia take to develop after the aspiration event?
24-72 hours
Bacteria associated with aspiration pneumonia?
Outpatient: oral flora (Strep, S. aureus, anaerobes)
Inpatient or chronically ill: gram negative rods (Pseudomonas) and S. aureus
Classic clinical manifestations in pneumonia:
(especially with S. pneumo): fever, cough with purulent sputum, consolidation on CXR
