5B -Timber based materials

Question 1

how is Chipwood made?

Answer 1

small chips of timber glued together to make a dense sheet

Question 2

how is MDF made?

Answer 2

small timber fibres, mixed with wax and resin

Question 3

how is plywood made?

Answer 3

gluing three layers of sheet timber (turning them 90° each time)

Question 4

how is plywood strengthened?

Answer 4

timber is glued at right angles to each other

Question 5

what kind of force is torsion?

Answer 5

a twisting force

Question 6

what is kerfing?

Answer 6

Slots cut into a material to aid bending (then put glue into the slots)

Question 7

what is high cross-sectional stability?

Answer 7

the ability to withstand flexing (ie. thick plywood)

Question 8

how do you minimise the impact on deforestation?

Answer 8

if more trees are planted than are cut

Question 9

why cannot MDF be recycled?

Answer 9

as it is made of gluing pieces of timber together (and glue cannot be recycled)

Question 10

what are the 6 Rs when designing new products/it’s packaging?

Answer 10

• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Rethink
• Refuse
• Repair

Question 11

how long do hardwood trees take to grow?

Answer 11

60- 100 years

Question 12

List Hardwood trees

Answer 12

ash, balsa, beech, mahogany, oak

Question 13

how long do softwood trees take to grow?

Answer 13

25 to 30yrs

Question 14

list softwood trees

Answer 14

larch, pine, spruce

Question 15

describe the process of conversion

Answer 15

• tree trunks transported to sawmill

- trees cut to usable planks

Question 16

what is freshly cut timber called?

Answer 16

green timber - high water content

Question 17

what is dried out timber called?

Answer 17

seasoned

Question 18

what is an issue with working with MDF?

Answer 18

creates a lot of dust when being worked on

Question 19

how do you recycle softwood to make a wood filler?

Answer 19

use the sawdust from wood and mix it with wood glue

Question 20

describe how wood is processed

Answer 20

1) tree is cut down (felled)
2) tree is debarked
3) then converted to planks

Question 21

why is tessellation important when forms are cut from a log?

Answer 21

so that little waste occurs

Question 22

What is the process of PAR (planed all round), used to do?

Answer 22

reduce the size and achieve a smooth finish (easier to work with)

Question 23

what is rough sawn timber?

Answer 23

when timber has not been planed and is rough to the touch

Question 24

state the features of PAR wood

Answer 24

• internal joinery

- does not absorb much liquid (varnishes well)

Question 25

is PAR or rough sawn wood cheaper and why?

Answer 25

Rough Sawn is cheaper as it takes less time to produce (no extra processes)

Question 26

advantages of kiln drying

Answer 26

- faster than air - kills bacteria and insects (damage wood)

Question 27

what is beech used for?

Answer 27

children's toys, kitchen worktops, tool handles, chopping boards

Question 28

what would happen if chipboard becomes wet?

Answer 28

the wooden fibres would absorb the water and cause the chipboard to swell

Question 29

what is chipboard normally covered with?

Answer 29

polymer laminate

Question 30

why is chipboard used in flat pack-furniture a lot

Answer 30

it has no grain, can be drilled and cut with ease

Question 31

what is the difference between PSE and PAR?

Answer 31

PSE has one planed edge | PAR both edges and sides are planed

Question 32

would planed timber be used for framework of roofs?

Answer 32

no, as the interior work would be seen

Question 33

what do planks and boards refer to?

Answer 33

the proportional dimensions of the timber

Question 34

what does moulding refer to?

Answer 34

piece of timber that has a decorative pattern along its length (our skirting board)

Question 35

what machine is used to add a decorative pattern to a length of timber?

Answer 35

spindle moulder

Question 36

what is veneer?

Answer 36

a thin sheet of timber (made from a hardwood)

Question 37

what is veneer used for?

Answer 37

covering a cheap material with an expensive hardwood layer

Question 38

why is hardwood more expensive?

Answer 38

- longer time to mature | - are sometimes denser than softwoods

Question 39

disadvantages of hardwood?

Answer 39

- tougher to sand + plane | - expensive

Question 40

disadvantages of softwood

Answer 40

- sometimes have knots

Question 41

advantages of softwood

Answer 41

have looser grains and take less time to mature

Question 42

what are the advantages of composite boards?

Answer 42

- stronger - more eco friendly - cheaper - durable - smoother

Question 43

what kind of items are made during batch production?

Answer 43

many items of the same product are produced

Question 44

what is a rip sas used for?

Answer 44

ripping/ rough cutting thicker planks and boards

Question 45

what is a tenon saw used for?

Answer 45

cutting straight lines with accuracy

Question 46

what saws are used to cut thinner pieces of timber which can cope with curves?

Answer 46

coping saws/ jig saws/ scroll saws

Question 47

how do twist drills work?

Answer 47

drill a hole of fixed diameter into timber

Question 48

how do countersink bits drills work?

Answer 48

used to profile a hole - top bit | so the top of the screw can sit without a bump in the surface

Question 49

why and when would continuous production be used?

Answer 49

- when products are in high demand or thousands of people use them - processing of timber/logs

Question 50

features of continuous production

Answer 50

- high tooling/machine costs (perform specific tasks quickly) - unit cost per product is cheap

Question 51

features of mass production machinery

Answer 51

- tooling/machine costs relatively high | - flexibility to change dimensions

Question 52

when would mass production be used?

Answer 52

- products in thousands | - softwood products (easier to source)

Question 53

when would batch production be used?

Answer 53

- products in smaller quantities | - product with smaller shelf life (be adapted and changed)

Question 54

what kind of workers are required for batch production?

Answer 54

moderately skilled worker

Question 55

what are sliding bevels used for?

Answer 55

marking the same chosen angle every time (maintains position)

Question 56

why are hand saws useful?

Answer 56

you can cut them at many angles

Question 57

what does a router do?

Answer 57

- cuts into a piece of wood in many directions | - uses a rotary cutter (guided in directions)

Question 58

advantages of a circular saw?

Answer 58

- quick and efficient - use different blades - guide machines with straight lines

Question 59

adv/dis of machine tools?

Answer 59

+ offer speed and precision | - loud, expensive, bulky

Question 60

what is a band saw?

Answer 60

big one mr harper used to cut large wood into smaller ones for my box

Question 61

use of planer thicknesser?

Answer 61

- reduce material thickness | - smooth new sheet material for an even finish

Question 62

use of lathe?

Answer 62

make cylindric objects (bannister)

Question 63

what drill can drill holes of varying depths and thicknesses?

Answer 63

pillar drill

Question 64

what is an acceptable dimension a piece can be? (word for it)

Answer 64

tolerance

Question 65

what is the accepted dimension a piece can be?(measurement)

Answer 65

+- 1mm

Question 66

what is a CNC router?

Answer 66

a machine that follows a cutting path that has has been designed in a computer

Question 67

adv/dis CNC?

Answer 67

ADV - need less people working on the job - increase products made - speed up production/accuracy DIS - initial cost of tooling is high

Question 68

what is a wood stain used for?

Answer 68

to enhance the appearance of wood

Question 69

why are kitchen worktops anc chopping boards often iol/ wax soaked?

Answer 69

so the surface repels water

Question 70

what is the purpose of a varnish?

Answer 70

give a shiny appearance

Question 71

what is involved within the process of pressure treated timber?

Answer 71

a protective chemical is forced into the fibres of timber

Question 72

how does pressure treated timber affect the lifespan?

Answer 72

increases it, protecting against rot

Question 73

difference between dip treated timber and pressure treated timber?

Answer 73

``` dip = only surface pressure = deep inside wood ```