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dt 🌲 > 5B -Timber based materials > Flashcards

5B -Timber based materials Flashcards

1
Q

how is Chipwood made?

A

small chips of timber glued together to make a dense sheet

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2
Q

how is MDF made?

A

small timber fibres, mixed with wax and resin

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3
Q

how is plywood made?

A

gluing three layers of sheet timber (turning them 90° each time)

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4
Q

how is plywood strengthened?

A

timber is glued at right angles to each other

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5
Q

what kind of force is torsion?

A

a twisting force

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6
Q

what is kerfing?

A

Slots cut into a material to aid bending (then put glue into the slots)

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7
Q

what is high cross-sectional stability?

A

the ability to withstand flexing (ie. thick plywood)

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8
Q

how do you minimise the impact on deforestation?

A

if more trees are planted than are cut

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9
Q

why cannot MDF be recycled?

A

as it is made of gluing pieces of timber together (and glue cannot be recycled)

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10
Q

what are the 6 Rs when designing new products/it’s packaging?

A
  • Reduce
  • Reuse
  • Recycle
  • Rethink
  • Refuse
  • Repair
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11
Q

how long do hardwood trees take to grow?

A

60- 100 years

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12
Q

List Hardwood trees

A

ash, balsa, beech, mahogany, oak

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13
Q

how long do softwood trees take to grow?

A

25 to 30yrs

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14
Q

list softwood trees

A

larch, pine, spruce

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15
Q

describe the process of conversion

A
  • tree trunks transported to sawmill

- trees cut to usable planks

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16
Q

what is freshly cut timber called?

A

green timber - high water content

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17
Q

what is dried out timber called?

A

seasoned

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18
Q

what is an issue with working with MDF?

A

creates a lot of dust when being worked on

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19
Q

how do you recycle softwood to make a wood filler?

A

use the sawdust from wood and mix it with wood glue

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20
Q

describe how wood is processed

A

1) tree is cut down (felled)
2) tree is debarked
3) then converted to planks

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21
Q

why is tessellation important when forms are cut from a log?

A

so that little waste occurs

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22
Q

What is the process of PAR (planed all round), used to do?

A

reduce the size and achieve a smooth finish (easier to work with)

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23
Q

what is rough sawn timber?

A

when timber has not been planed and is rough to the touch

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24
Q

state the features of PAR wood

A
  • internal joinery

- does not absorb much liquid (varnishes well)

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25
Q

is PAR or rough sawn wood cheaper and why?

A

Rough Sawn is cheaper as it takes less time to produce (no extra processes)

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26
Q

advantages of kiln drying

A
  • faster than air
  • kills bacteria and insects
    (damage wood)
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27
Q

what is beech used for?

A

children’s toys, kitchen worktops, tool handles, chopping boards

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28
Q

what would happen if chipboard becomes wet?

A

the wooden fibres would absorb the water and cause the chipboard to swell

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29
Q

what is chipboard normally covered with?

A

polymer laminate

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30
Q

why is chipboard used in flat pack-furniture a lot

A

it has no grain, can be drilled and cut with ease

31
Q

what is the difference between PSE and PAR?

A

PSE has one planed edge

PAR both edges and sides are planed

32
Q

would planed timber be used for framework of roofs?

A

no, as the interior work would be seen

33
Q

what do planks and boards refer to?

A

the proportional dimensions of the timber

34
Q

what does moulding refer to?

A

piece of timber that has a decorative pattern along its length (our skirting board)

35
Q

what machine is used to add a decorative pattern to a length of timber?

A

spindle moulder

36
Q

what is veneer?

A

a thin sheet of timber (made from a hardwood)

37
Q

what is veneer used for?

A

covering a cheap material with an expensive hardwood layer

38
Q

why is hardwood more expensive?

A
  • longer time to mature

- are sometimes denser than softwoods

39
Q

disadvantages of hardwood?

A
  • tougher to sand + plane

- expensive

40
Q

disadvantages of softwood

A
  • sometimes have knots
41
Q

advantages of softwood

A

have looser grains and take less time to mature

42
Q

what are the advantages of composite boards?

A
  • stronger
  • more eco friendly
  • cheaper
  • durable
  • smoother
43
Q

what kind of items are made during batch production?

A

many items of the same product are produced

44
Q

what is a rip sas used for?

A

ripping/ rough cutting thicker planks and boards

45
Q

what is a tenon saw used for?

A

cutting straight lines with accuracy

46
Q

what saws are used to cut thinner pieces of timber which can cope with curves?

A

coping saws/ jig saws/ scroll saws

47
Q

how do twist drills work?

A

drill a hole of fixed diameter into timber

48
Q

how do countersink bits drills work?

A

used to profile a hole - top bit

so the top of the screw can sit without a bump in the surface

49
Q

why and when would continuous production be used?

A
  • when products are in high demand or thousands of people use them
  • processing of timber/logs
50
Q

features of continuous production

A
  • high tooling/machine costs (perform specific tasks quickly)
  • unit cost per product is cheap
51
Q

features of mass production machinery

A
  • tooling/machine costs relatively high

- flexibility to change dimensions

52
Q

when would mass production be used?

A
  • products in thousands

- softwood products (easier to source)

53
Q

when would batch production be used?

A
  • products in smaller quantities

- product with smaller shelf life (be adapted and changed)

54
Q

what kind of workers are required for batch production?

A

moderately skilled worker

55
Q

what are sliding bevels used for?

A

marking the same chosen angle every time (maintains position)

56
Q

why are hand saws useful?

A

you can cut them at many angles

57
Q

what does a router do?

A
  • cuts into a piece of wood in many directions

- uses a rotary cutter (guided in directions)

58
Q

advantages of a circular saw?

A
  • quick and efficient
  • use different blades
  • guide machines with straight lines
59
Q

adv/dis of machine tools?

A

+ offer speed and precision

- loud, expensive, bulky

60
Q

what is a band saw?

A

big one mr harper used to cut large wood into smaller ones for my box

61
Q

use of planer thicknesser?

A
  • reduce material thickness

- smooth new sheet material for an even finish

62
Q

use of lathe?

A

make cylindric objects (bannister)

63
Q

what drill can drill holes of varying depths and thicknesses?

A

pillar drill

64
Q

what is an acceptable dimension a piece can be? (word for it)

A

tolerance

65
Q

what is the accepted dimension a piece can be?(measurement)

A

+- 1mm

66
Q

what is a CNC router?

A

a machine that follows a cutting path that has has been designed in a computer

67
Q

adv/dis CNC?

A

ADV - need less people working on the job
- increase products made
- speed up production/accuracy
DIS - initial cost of tooling is high

68
Q

what is a wood stain used for?

A

to enhance the appearance of wood

69
Q

why are kitchen worktops anc chopping boards often iol/ wax soaked?

A

so the surface repels water

70
Q

what is the purpose of a varnish?

A

give a shiny appearance

71
Q

what is involved within the process of pressure treated timber?

A

a protective chemical is forced into the fibres of timber

72
Q

how does pressure treated timber affect the lifespan?

A

increases it, protecting against rot

73
Q

difference between dip treated timber and pressure treated timber?

A 
dip = only surface
pressure = deep inside wood

dt 🌲 (4 decks)

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