01 - Industry and Enterprise Flashcards
what is manufacturing?
a process in which several processes are carried out to convert raw materials to a finished product
define the term automation
the use of machines to do a task automatically with little human input
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state three advantages of automation in the workplace
- higher accuracy
- better quality products
- increase speed of production
- can work in dangerous situations
- don’t need to take breaks
state three disadvantages of automation in the workplace
- can be expensive to set up and buy
- cannot make human decisions (ie. if something goes wrong)
- takes away jobs for people
how does technology help manufacturing processes?
to run more efficiently
how has smart technology made manufacturing efficient?
- connects them with other machines and sensors to share data
- can receive data and comment on stock levels
how does automation help tracking materials and products?
- can monitor stock levels by scanning product barcode
- can monitor finished products by scanning product
how has automation impacted workplace layout?
- doesn’t need to be wide, can be higher (since robots don’t have to turn)
- 3D printing allows to move out of large factories (less space)
what are finite resources?
- resources that are in limited supply, cannot be reproduced
what is a non-finite resource?
- a resource which is in abundant supply
- unlikely to be exhausted
- it grows and replaced at the rate it is used
how is the sustainability measured for a product?
- how long lasting and efficient it is
what are the two questions asked to see if a product is sustainable or not?
- does the process need lots of energy?
- does it create a lot of waste or pollution?
name the five stages of the LCA
- extraction of raw material
- production
- distribution
- use
- waste/reuse
What is the LCA used for?
- for companies to find the environmental impact on a product
what does the LCA measure?
- the measure of CO2 emission
- the ethics of a product
what does the extraction section in the LCA mean?
- energy required to extract raw materials from the ground
- energy required to prepare them for manufacturing
what does the production section in the LCA represent?
- energy required to manipulate raw materials for sale
what does the distribution section in the LCA represent?
- energy for package and transport to the user
what does the use section in the LCA represent?
- energy required for the product to function
ie. electricity or batteries
how have international organisations encouraged recycling in companies?
- charged more money for disposal of waste
- cheaper to recycle and reuse faulty products
how have companies reduced their waste production?
- neutralise CO2 emissions by planting trees
- incorporate reusable technology
- efficient buildings and appliances
what are the benefits of recycling?
- less raw materials required
name 3 positive impacts of technologies
- renewable energies used
- renewable materials used
- lower power consumption
- fewer components
- upgradable
- sourced/produced locally
name 3 negative impacts of technologies
- overuse finite material
- not designed to upgrade (obsolete)
- fossil fuels manufacture
- high power consumption
- shipped globally
what is the kaizen philosophy?
each individual worker making improvements to reduce waste + improve efficiency
how does efficient working help companies?
- less waste of resources
- gains money
- gives edge over competition
why do products not sell well in all countries?
people from different countries have different taste
what are the effects of an increase of global manufacturing?
- products can be shipped and traded with internationally
- manufacturers can sell goods easily online
- consumers have more choice
- products are cheaper (wider competition)
describe the negative impact of a global market place for manufacturers
more competition internationally
describe the negative impact of a global market place for consumers
causes environmental damage (since has to be transported from a far away place)
why does being first to market with a new product give a company a competitive advantage?
because new technologies are quite expensive, and as the unit sales increases, the company makes a profit
what is technology push?
when advances in technology drives the design of new products and redesign of others
CONSUMERS UNAWARE
what is market pull?
when a product is made due to consumer demand
how does market pull put pressure on companies?
to constantly improve their products so that they can keep their share of the market and attract new customers
name a few reasons why products can fail
- product is offensive to consumers
- title is offensive to consumers
- did not market correctly
- design flaw
- did not take culture factor to account
why are designing products for mixed communities or cities difficult?
- because you cannot factor everyone’s culture
- some people may not like the product because it is aimed at someone else
- some may find it offensive or racist to their culture
what social factors should be considered when making a product?
- religion
- culture
- language
- history
what happens during the testing process of a product?
- a wide group of users are consulted
- checked that the product will not affect members of the community
how has automation affected new jobs?
- decreased need for manual labour
- causes jobs to be more high skilled and flexible (we will do jobs not heard of yet)
how would you avoid insulting different religious groups?
communicate honestly and learn about religion
what is crowdfunding?
practice of funding a project online by various people (they fund as an investment)
what is virtual marketing?
- promotional of a product or service
ie. paying google to put your website on the front page
what is a co-operative?
- a business owned and run by members (profits shared ohr equally)
