5B-2 Fcst Sfc Wx Elements and Flt Wx Elements

Question 0

What changes of state absorb heat from the surrounding environment?

Answer 0

Vaporization, fusion, and sublimation

Question 1

Which term defines a change in state from a solid to a gas?

Answer 1

Sublimation

Question 2

What is the most efficient method of cloud droplet growth?

Answer 2

Collision and coalescence

Question 3

What term is used to define the process where the outer edge of the cloud mixes with air outside of the cloud?

Answer 3

Dry-air entrainment

Question 4

Which cloud forecasting tool is biased towards climatology (average conditions), and may not be accurate during abnormal conditions?

Answer 4

Model output statistics

Question 5

What is the main difference in forecasting the occurrence of convective or cumuliform clouds versus stratus clouds?

Answer 5

Atmospheric stability

Question 6

You would NOT expect stratus clouds to form when

Answer 6

The curvature is anticylonic
Form when warm stable air is being lifted over a warm front
Onshore winds are in an area of cyclonically curved contours
Large area of slight convergence has cyclonically curved contours

Question 7

A very narrow band of clouds associated with a cold front may indicate the

Answer 7

700 mb contours are perpendicular to the surface cold front

Question 8

The type and intensity of precipitation observed at the earth’s surface is related to the thickness of the cloud aloft, and particularly to the

Answer 8

Temperatures in the upper part of the cloud

Question 9

With a quasistationary front in the southern US under a broad west or southwest flow aloft and a weak surface low, the snow rain zone becomes

Answer 9

Elongated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over long periods

Question 10

Which condition increases the probability of fog formation?

Answer 10

Advection a warm, moist air mass over a cold surface

Question 11

Which condition decreases the likelihood of fog formation?

Answer 11

Increased temperature and decreased moisture content

Question 12

What type of air mass causes a persistent type of continental high-inversion fog to occur in valleys?

Answer 12

Maritime Polar air

Question 13

Which visibility restriction is the MOST localized?

Answer 13

Smoke

Question 14

What would the estimated low-level wind speed be, in knots, from satellite imagery displaying arc shaped open-cell cumulus clouds?

Answer 14

21 to 30

Question 15

If no inversion is present, forecast the maximum surface wind gusts to be

Answer 15

80 percent of the 5,000 foot wind speed

Question 16

In forecasting frontal winds, the deepening or filling of a frontal trough

Answer 16

Increases or decreases the winds

Question 17

Which tertiary circulation is associated with mountain-wave turbulence?

Answer 17

Foehn wind

Question 18

Object A has a temperature of 49 degrees C, object B has a temperature of 65C, and object C has a temperature of 88C. How. It thermal energy be transferred between the three objects?

Answer 18

B and C transfer to A

Question 19

How many degrees are there between the freezing point and the boiling point on the Kelvin temperature scale?

Answer 19

100

Question 20

What type humidity is another expression of mixing ratio?

Answer 20

Absolute

Question 21

Which forecasting tool provides a summary of monthly and annual climatic data for a station?

Answer 21

Operational Climatic Data Summary (OCDS)

Question 22

Surface heating occurs more rapidly

Answer 22

With a stable lapse rate

Question 23

A heat wave over the Midwestern and eastern part of the US develops when

Answer 23

Long-wave trough stagnates over the Rockies and a long-wave ridge lays over the east coast

Question 24

Which condition must exist for the development of a cold wave over the US?

Answer 24

Movement of a low eastward from the Continental Divide

Question 25

How many hours can the GFS long range forecast predict out?

Answer 25

384 hours

Question 26

If the temperature through a vertical column is warmer than standard, then the air density is

Answer 26

Less than standard and a pilot must fly higher to reach a given indicated altitude

Question 27

How is the difference (D) value calculated?

Answer 27

True altitude minus standard altitude

Question 28

What values do you need to compute the pressure altitude?

Answer 28

Field elevation and altimeter setting

Question 29

Density altitude is the

Answer 29

Altitude at which a given density is found in the standard atmosphere

Question 30

What two parameters are used to compute density altitude?

Answer 30

Pressure and virtual temperature

Question 31

Turbulence should NOT be anticipated in areas of

Answer 31

Inflow in a digging jet

Question 32

As a GENERAL rule, the effects of turbulence for a fixed-wing aircraft are increased with decreased

Answer 32

Weight of the aircraft

Question 33

Roll or rotor clouds form

Answer 33

Parallel to the mountain ridge and are located on the leeside

Question 34

The MOST dangerous features of mountain wave clouds are the turbulence in the cap and

Answer 34

Rotor cloud

Question 35

All turbulence not thermally induced/associated with convective activity is classified as

Answer 35

Clear-air

Question 36

How can aircrew avoid the effects of wake turbulence?

Answer 36

Land beyond the touchdown point of a leading aircraft, lift off ahead of the liftoff point of a leading aircraft, and fly above leading aircraft

Question 37

Which type of aircraft icing occurs in cumuliform clouds and is hard, glossy and heavy?

Answer 37

Clear

Question 38

What is the intensity for in-flight icing when deicing or anti-icing equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard and immediate diversion is necessary?

Answer 38

Severe

Question 39

How does in-flight icing on an airplane effect drag and the ability to lift when considering airfoil, respectively?

Answer 39

Increases; decreases

Question 40

Which ice protection system is activated BEFORE the aircraft enters the icing condition?

Answer 40

Anti-icing equipment

Question 41

What icing intensity corresponds to freezing drizzle?

Answer 41

Moderate

Question 42

Which item is NOT a guidance tool or product for icing?

Answer 42

METSAT

Question 43

What type icing, if any, will an aircraft encounter if icing conditions are favorable and flying above 12,000 ft in a stratiform cloud?

Answer 43

Rime

Question 44

With a frontal system, the greatest icing occurs when up drafts exist. The only exception to this rule is when icing is associated with

Answer 44

Freezing precipitation

Question 45

How would ab aircraft be affected during landing if it were flying from a headwind over the outer marker to a tailwind over the runway?

Answer 45

Indicated airspeed decreases, and aircraft drops below the glide slope

Question 46

How does the upper portion of a thunderstorm gust front compare to the surface portion?

Answer 46

Precedes the surface portion by one or two miles

Question 47

When forecasting weather you would expect low-level wind shear when

Answer 47

Sustained surface wind is less than 10 knots and the absolute value of the vector difference between the gradient wind and the surface wind is 30 knots or greater and an inversion or isothermal layer is present below 2,000 ft

Question 48

The combination of cold air aloft and warm surface air can produce a

Answer 48

Sharp lapse rate and an unstable atmosphere

Question 49

In the continental US, what months of the year are the best for thunderstorm activity?

Answer 49

March thru September

Question 50

What are the conditions necessary for the development of tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and their associated destructive phenomena?

Answer 50

Unstable atmosphere, large quantities of moisture, strong mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable WBZ

Question 51

What kind of thunderstorm is the closest to a three-stage, non-severe thunderstorm?

Answer 51

Air-mass

Question 52

What stage of a non-severe thunderstorm occurs when precipitation is suspended aloft?

Answer 52

Cumulus

Question 53

Hail size is dependent on the

Answer 53

Strength of the updraft core and the length of fall from the freezing level to the surface

Question 54

Thunderstorms that appear to move to the right of mid-level winds are called

Answer 54

Discrete propagation

Question 55

Which action is associated with the gust front?

Answer 55

Forward flank downdraft

Question 56

Super cells splitting into two separate cells is caused by the environmental wake flow "cutting" into the updraft on the

Answer 56

Downwind side of the updraft core and precipitation "loading" in the mid levels above the updraft core

Question 57

What JS the one requirement that must ALWAYS be present in order for tornadoes to form?

Answer 57

Appreciable lifting

Question 58

In what tornado-producing air structure do tornadoes most frequently occur in families, with paths that are commonly long and wide?

Answer 58

Type 1, Great Plains

Question 59

What is the most common severe weather phenomenon associated with the Type E, major cyclone severe weather producing synoptic pattern?

Answer 59

Hail

Question 60

Where does one of the two well-defined northwest flow frequency axes extend?

Answer 60

Central Missouri to New England

Question 61

What type of destructive summertime mesoscale system is associated with northwest flow outbreaks?

Answer 61

Derecho

Question 62

On the average, how many hours elapse between the first thunderstorm development of a mesoscale convective complex and the time it begins to decay?

Answer 62

16 1/2 hours

Question 63

What upper-level (500 millibars to 200mb) zone pattern is extremely important to identify over a mesoscale convection complex genesis region?

Answer 63

Difluence

Question 64

What is the peak month for haboob dust storms to occur based on climatology?

Answer 64

June

Question 65

What are the two primary concerns when forecasting a haboob dust storm?

Answer 65

Visibility and wind speed

Question 66

The typical hurricane season extends from

Answer 66

June through November

Question 67

A fairly accurate sign of an approaching tropical cyclone is

Answer 67

A swell that comes in a series of waves with a long interval between crests

Question 68

The difference between the actual sea surface elevation and the predicted astronomical sea surface elevation is know as the

Answer 68

Storm surge

Question 69

Warm advection in the lower levels during snow-producing situations

Answer 69

Can suggest increased snow potential

Question 70

What direction and speed does a non-occluding baroclinic low that produces heavy snow usually move?

Answer 70

East-northeast at approximately 25 kts or greater

Question 71

A severe blizzard contains winds

Answer 71

GTE 50 kts and temperatures LTE 10F

Question 72

When forecasting precipitation type, the layer between the surface and what millibar level is the determining factor in terms if temperature-moisture advection?

Answer 72

700mb

Question 73

What is the threshold value, in knots, for strong non-convective winds?

Answer 73

GT 34 kts

Question 74

What is the primary concern when forecasting shamals?

Answer 74

Source region

Question 75

Why does the isobar spacing on a skew-t chart increSe from the bottom to the top of the chart?

Answer 75

Accounts for the decrease in density of the atmosphere with height

Question 76

Potential temperature is the temperature an air sample would have if it's pressure were increased to

Answer 76

1,000 mb in a dry adiabatic process

Question 77

The lifted condensation level is the intersection obtained on the skew-t chart between the

Answer 77

Mixing ratio line and dry adiabat

Question 78

A second method for finding the convective condensation level was developed to give increased accuracy in

Answer 78

Severe weather forecasting

Question 79

To determine the mixing condensation level, you must first determine the

Answer 79

Top of the mixing level

Question 80

Convective temperature is the temperature that surface air must reach to initiate convective currents that will

Answer 80

Extend high enough for the air to become saturated

Question 81

What temperature can be obtained by following a dry adiabat air parcel down from the convective condensation level to the point where the dry adiabat air parcel intersects the isobar representing the surface pressure?

Answer 81

Convective

Question 82

The height at which a parcel of air that is lifted, first becomes warmer (less dense) than the environment is the

Answer 82

Level of free convection

Question 83

What indicates a temperature increase with an increase in height indicating a negative lapse rate in a layer of the atmosphere?

Answer 83

Inversion

Question 84

What is the potential for thunderstorms with a convective available potential energy (CAPE) of 2250 joule per kilogram (J/kg)?

Answer 84

Moderate

Question 85

What would be the likely coverage and intensity of thunderstorms with a cross total of 30 and a vertical total of 23?

Answer 85

Scattered severe

Question 86

Tornado occurrences are grouped in severe weather threat index values of

Answer 86

Greater than 400

Question 87

The K-index is a measure of a thunderstorm's

Answer 87

Potential

Question 88

What index is used to assess the instability of the 850 mb parcel?

Answer 88

Showalter stability

Question 89

The season of maximum hail occurrences coincides with

Answer 89

The season of maximum thunderstorms

Question 90

What percentage of hail occurrences in flight is attributed to have happened under overhanging clouds between 10,000 and 20,000 ft?

Answer 90

85%

Question 91

What is the cloud depth ratio if the convective condensation level is at 770 mb, the freezing level at 550 mb, and the equilibrium level at 270 mb?

Answer 91

0.44 (770-550)/(770-270) (CCL-Freeze Level)/(CCL-EL)

Question 92

What is considered the optimum WBZ height, in feet, above the terrain for hail?

Answer 92

8,000 ft

Question 93

What must be determined as the first step in forecasting the size of hail?

Answer 93

Convective condensation level

Question 94

In using the T1 method of forecasting maximum wind gusts, the warmest point on the inversion is used to determine the T1 if surface convection does not dissipate the inversion and if that warmest point is within how many mb of the surface?

Answer 94

150 to 200

Question 95

What preconditions must exist to make the T2 method over forecast maximum gusts?

Answer 95

The thunderstorm must pass over the forecast point and moderate to heavy rain must occur

Question 96

A veering wind in the vertical suggests a

Answer 96

Warm air advection not associated with a warm front

Question 97

When forecasting turbulence in convective clouds below 9,000 ft what determines the severity of the turbulence?

Answer 97

Temperature difference between the moist adiabat and the free-air temperature curve

Question 98

When forecasting turbulence in convective clouds above 9,000 ft, where is the central portion of the most turbulent area?

Answer 98

Where the maximum temperature difference between the moist adiabat and the free-air temperature is.

Question 99

In severe weather forecasting, the best time period to forecast a skew-t sounding is during the

Answer 99

Maximum heating