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VCE BIO 3/4 A0S2 > 5A process of C3 photosynthesis > Flashcards

5A process of C3 photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A process in which photoautotrophs use energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

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2
Q

What is the location of photosyntheisis?

A

Chloroplasts

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3
Q

Is chloroplasts double membrane?

A

YES

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4
Q

What is the fluid in chloroplasts?

A

Stroma

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5
Q

What is a stack of thylakoids called?

A

Granum

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6
Q

What is the little membrane sac called in chloroplasts?

And what is the pigment found on it

A

Thylakoid

Chlorophyll

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7
Q

where does light dependent stage happen?

A

in the thylakoijd membrane

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8
Q

where does light INdependent stage happen?

A

Stroma

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9
Q

What does the green pigment on thylakoids do?

A

Chlorophyl, captures and absorbs sunlight

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10
Q

What is the PRIMARY PRODUCT of photosyntheisis

A

Glucose

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11
Q

What is the equation of photosynthesis

A

6Co2 + 6H2o ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2

dont forget to include sunlight and chlorophyll on the arrow

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12
Q

What does light dependent stage create

A

Creates high energy coenzymes to power the light INDEPENDENT stage

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13
Q

What are the inputs AND outputs of Light dependent stage?

A

INputs
1. 12 H20
2. 12 NADP
3. 18 ADP + Pi
Outputs
1. 6 O2
2. 12 NADPH
3. 18 ATP

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14
Q

What are the inputs AND outputs of Light independent stage?

A

INPUT
1. 12 co2
2. 12 NADPH
3. 18 ATP
OUTPUT
1. C6 H12 06
2. 12 NADP
3. 18 ADP + Pi
4. 6 h20

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15
Q

What is the enzyme involved in Calvin Cycle

A

RuBisCO

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16
Q

What does NADPH do

A

It carries hydrogen atoms and their electons needed for light independent reactions and acts as an coenzyme to RUBSICO

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17
Q

If the input of light dependent stage has 12 H20
then where does the 1/2 hydrogen number go?

A
  1. 1/2 of the hydrogens (12) travel through the thylakoid membrane and bind to NADP+ this makes 12 NADPH
  2. 1/2 of the other hydrogens pile up in the thylajoid lumen to create a high concentration gradient between the lumen and the chloroplast stroma, which it then travels through ATP synthase to convert ADP + Pi to ATP
18
Q

what cell of the leaves have the largest number of chloroplasts

A

Mesophyll cells

19
Q

what are stomatas

A

Small pores on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange of c02 and oxygen, which close and open by guard cells.

20
Q

what happens to the hydrogen ions when split from h20

A
  1. H ions are used to load up coenzxyme nadp to NADPH
  2. Hydrogen ions travel down the concentration gradient to produce ATP from adp + pi
21
Q

What happens tro the oxygen when split from h20

A
  1. Either released back to the envioment
  2. Or used in aerobic cellular respiration
22
Q

What are the coenzymes involved in photosynthesis and where are they used

A

NADPH AND ATP used in the calvin cycle

23
Q

Is rubisco a quatenary or tertiary protien?

A

Quatanery protien

24
Q

What is the role of RUbisco

A

Catalyses the reaction of converting carbon from its inorganic gas form (c02) and turns it into an organic compound.

25
Q

What is the carbon fixation step

A

The tunring of inoranic carbon into organic compounds such as glucose.

26
Q

What is the problem with rubiscp

A

It undergoes photorespiration which is when oxygen binds to rubisco instead

27
Q

Why is it bad?

A

1.Wastes enegy
2.Disrupts photosynthesis by not producing glucose

28
Q

Why tf would rubisco even bind to oxygen instead of carbon?

A
  1. Substrate concentration: When hot and dry conditions, stomata closes, oxygen gas is trapped from the light dependent stage which is near rubisco.
  2. Tempreature: at high tempreatures rubisco has a high affinity to oxygen than c02
29
Q

Do c3 plants have nay adaptations to prevent photorespiration
and where does it fixate c02

A

Has no adapatations, and fixates carbon dioxide in the mesophyll cells

30
Q

In c4 plants is the light dependent stage the same as c3

A

YES

31
Q
A
32
Q

How is the light independent stage different in c4 plants compared to c3

A

The intial carbon fixation and rest of the calvin cycle is seprated into different cells( Mesophylll and bundle sheath cells)

33
Q

How does c4 plants work

A

C02 has a constant pump deom the mesophyll cells to the bundle sheath cells( in malate form) there will be a high concentration of C02 for rubsico which happens in the bundle sheath cells.

34
Q

What is an example of c4 plant and why are they sort of bad compared to c3 plants

A

Example: corn, sugarcane
C4 plants use more enrgy for photosynthesis than c3 plants because ATP is needed to recycle pyruvate back into pep carboxylase

35
Q

Light dependent stage same for c3 and cam?

A

YES

36
Q

How does cam plants differ from c3 plants

A

Seperates the stages of photosynthesis over time

37
Q

What cell/s does CAM plants use

A

Just the mesophyll cells

38
Q

What happens at night for CAM PLANTS

A

Open their stomata at night to intake c02 and converts it into malate which is stored in the vacoules

39
Q

What happens during day for CAM plants

A

Close their stomata to prevent water loss, then releases malate to be broken down to c02 and to be used in calvin cycle

40
Q

How does this day and night shit even prevent photorespiration

A

The controlled release of malate ensures there is high c02 concentration near rubisco

41
Q

Does cam plants use less or more energy than c4 and c3

A

Uses the most mount of atp

42
Q
A

VCE BIO 3/4 A0S2 (7 decks)

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