5A - photosynthesis and respiration Flashcards
co enzyme - in photosynthesis
- aids in function of enzyme
- NADP = transfer hydrogen form one mole to another ( NADPH )
Chloroplast
small flattened organells surrounded by double memb
- thylakoid scacked to make grana linked together by lamellae
- contain chlorophyll
- pigment and protein = photosystem
PSll = ab 680 nm
PSl = ab 700 nm
Light dependent reaction
- photoionisation
- photolysis
- chemiosmosiis
- produce NADPH
Photoionisation
1st in LDR
- light ab by PSll = excites the electron , moves into the higher energy level
- released from chloroplasrt - ele travel down the electron transfer chain
Photolysis
- 2nd in LDR
- light absorbed breaks water into = 2H+ and 1/2 O2
- also release ele = replases the ele that left the chloroplast
Chemiosmosis
- 3rd in LDR
- as ele moves down the electron transfer chain - provides energy to actively bring H+ ions from astroma into thylakoid ( against the concen grad )
- via active transport
this produces concent gradient - goes down CG = via ATP sythase - conden preaxction = ADP + Pi = ATP
Generating reduced NADP
- light energy absorbed by PS1
- excites electron again to even higher energy level
- electrons transferred to NADP , along with proton ( H+ ion ), from stroma
- produce NADPH
cyclic phtophosphorylatiom
- produces ATP only using PSI
- called cyclic = electron from chlorophyll molecule aren’t passed onto NADP but back to PSI
- ele goes back to electron transfern chain - brings H+ from thylakoid to stroma
Light independent reaction
- calvin cycle
- RuBP react with CO2 = cata rubisco
- Produce 2 triose 3 phosphate
GP to TP
- the hydrolysis of ATP provides eneg to reduce 3-carbon compound
- requires H+ ions, which reduce NADP
- 2 x Triose phosphate
- some triose phosphate converted into useful orgnic compounds and some into RuBP
TP to RuBP
5 out of 6 carbon - produce
use a ATP
Co enzyme - Respiration
- transfer one chem group to another
- in respi = NAD FAD transfer nitrogen
- Coenzyme A = tranfers acetate between molecule
Aerobic respiration
- 4 stages
- glycolysis
- the link reaction
- kerbs cycle
- oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis
- in cyto
- produces pyruvates
- net gain of 2 ATP ( 4-2)
1. phosphorylation = glu phosphorylated using phosphate , use 1 ATP
2. Oxidation = form 2 pyruvate, reduce NAD to NADH, produce 4 ATP
produce of glyocolysis - anaerobic
- alcoholic fermentation = occurs on plants and yeast
- uses one Co2 and NADH to NAD
- pyruvate to ethanal to ethanol - Lactate fermentation
- pyruvate into lactate
- reduced NAD to NAD
Link reaction
- pyruvate to acetyl co enzyme A
- decarboxylated ( remove 1 C)
- pyruvate oxidised to form acetate and NAD reduce to form NADH
- acetate and Co enzyme A = acetyl CoA
- no ATP produced
Kerbs Cycle
- reduced co enzymes and ATP
- produced oxalocate ( regenerated for use in next kerbs cycle )
- 1 coenz A
- 1 ATP
- 2 CO2
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH
oxidative phosphorylation
- NADH and FADH transfer hydrogen ( get oxidised)
- Hydrogen - split into proton(H+) and electrons
- welectron move down electron transfer chain
- eng from e- pump proton from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space
- proton move down the electrochemical gradient via ATp synthase - produce ATP
- in mito matrix , prooton, electron and oxygen combine = produce water
( oxygen = final electron acceptor )
aerobic respi and ATP
- 1 NAD make 2.5 ATP
- 1 FAD make 1.5 ATP
- glyco - 2 atp , 2 NADH = 7 ATP
- link R = 2 NADH = 5ATP
- kerbs = 2 ATP,6 NADH, 2 FADH = 20 ATP
- total ATP = 32
