4A - DNA, RNA and photosynthesis Flashcards
1
Q
DNA in eukaryotes
A
- contains linear DNA molecule, that is wrapped around histone to produce a chromosome
the mitochondrai and the chloroplast - have their own DNA - circular and short ( due to endosymbiotic )
2
Q
Prokaryotic cells
A
- DNA - shorter and circular
not wrapped around histone - condense to fit inthe cell by supercoiling
3
Q
Genes
A
- sequence of DNA bases that codes for either polypeptide and functional RNA
- diff bases codes for diff polypeptide
4
Q
genome
A
- complete sets of genes in the cell
5
Q
proteome
A
- full range of proteins that cell is able to produce
6
Q
Non coding DNA
A
- section that doesn’t code AA = introns
- eukaryotic DNA contains region of multiple repeats outside of genes = non coding multiple repeats
7
Q
alleles
A
- different version of the gene ( polypeptide)
8
Q
RNA
A
- have ribose sugar
- no thymine but have uracile
- shorter
- single strand
9
Q
mRNA
A
- carries the genetic code, form nucles to the ribosomes
- are single polynucleotide strand
- have 3 adjacent bases = triplets
10
Q
tRNA
A
- carries AA used to make protein to the ribosome
- folded into clover shape - HB between specific base pair hole this mole into shape
- contain anticodoen ( seq of 3 specific bases )
- contain amino acidf binding site
11
Q
transcription
A
- RNA polymerase attaches to DNA - DNA helicase attach to RNA poly break down the HB - exposes the bases
- Complementary mRNA formed - free roaming RNA, line up against the complementary template strand, joined together by RNA polymerase
- RNA polymerase move down the strand - assembls mRNA, HB reforms once RNA poly pass
- RNA poly reaches the stop signal = deattaches from DNA, mRNA out of nuc into cyto
12
Q
editing the mRNA
A
- remove the introns = splicing
- happens in the nucleus
in prokaryotes - mRNA produce directly from the DNA - no introns
13
Q
Translation
A
- Ribo bind to the mRNAcna tRNA mole carrying AA to it, ATP provides the energy needed for ht ebond between AA
- the tRNA mole with anticodon line up against the complementary first codon of mRNA, attaches to the mRNA by comp base pairing, 2nd tRNA staches to the second codon
- 2 AA atached to the tRNA molecules are joined by peptide bond, First tRNA moves away, leaving AA behind
- third tRNA bind to the next codon
14
Q
Natures of genetic code
A
- universal - same specific base triplets code for the same AA in all living things
- non overlapping - codons only readn in triplets
- degenerate - diff base seq codes for the same amino acid
