5.a. Oceans have been and continue to be vital elements in the process of globalisation

Question 1

What is globalisation

Answer 1

• the growing interconnectdeness and interdependence of the world
• in relation to oceans there is more trading of goods across the oceans, more movement of people and resources, more transport of people through tourism, increasing interconnections

Question 2

How has globablisation affected travel

Answer 2

• tavel using cruise ships, leisure sailing and cross chanel ferries
• growth of air travel reduced this use

Question 3

How has globalisation affected trade

Answer 3

• shipping historically only for key resources e.g. slaves, gold+silver, tobacco, sugar, choclate
• present day, oceans are the dominant space for trade
• world GDP has trebled to 45% since 1950
• trade creates interdependce e.g. China is dependent on Australia for coal

Question 4

How has globalisation affected TNCs

Answer 4

-brands have global access because of ocean use

Question 5

How has globalisation affected the pattern of global shipping

Answer 5

• the principal shpping routes follow an east-west corridor between North America and Europe and Pacific Asia
• Suez Canal and Panama Canal- these are being upgraded to allow more and larger ships to pass through them- Suex can accomodate ships in one direction, Panema has locks which slow travelling time

Question 6

Impacts of the Suez canal

Answer 6

• opened in 1869 and was constructed by British
• location- Red Sea to Meditteranean
• length- 192km
• average time to sail through- 14 hours
• Distance saved- 8,900 km
• Time saved- 10 days

Question 7

Impacts of the Panam canal

Answer 7

• opened in 1914 under USA control
• location- Atlantic to Pacific
• length- 82km
• average time to sail through- 17 hours
• distance saved- 13,000 km
• time saved- 20 days