5.a. How ‘place’ is produced in a variety of ways/at different sclars Flashcards
definition of placemaking
=political, multi-faceted approach of planning/design/management of public spaces
REGENERATION OF PLACE-> to GENERATE INVESTMENT + ATTRACT PEOPLE
capitalised on?
local community assets and inspirations to promote wellbeing
How is placemaking done? what does it encourage?
Can be international (EU investments eg Eden project)-> boosts economy + social improvements
National through trade links and military co-operation
Locally through derelict land cleaned up to attract investors to land
Encourages FDI to OVERCOME structural change by improving infrastructure => ME
-> if top-down schemes used, only ones who can financially work on this scale have decision making power hit ME is often LONG TERM at a LARGER SCALE
Why is it done?
Due to DEINDUSTRIALISATION (urban decline) resulting a migration of people out of a place eg. changes in tourism in coastal towns
Due to COMPETITION from surrounding areas (economy booming whilst ours is simultaneously spiralling)
Due to increased INTERCONNECTEDNESS -> more shopping online/time-space compression-> isolated society as more people staying at home -> inner decline in city centre retail
TO ATTRACT FDI:
-attract new businesses/culture/wealthy migrants -> multiplier effect
-if ‘placeless’ =wont invest => won’t attract people
-advances economic development
-Advances global connections and involvement in international business activities
How do architects and planners create meaningful places?
LOCAL PLANS= locally authorities have planning departments for making decisions on land use
-Through design, architects can transform places completely-> shapes the way people use the built environment
-Can reflect culture + history of a place/innovation => uplifts places
- Promotes 24-hour city (businesses open at night)
Power to TRANSFORM and make artistic statements eg the Shard for tourism/iconic
Issue with reliance on architecture?
Poor design can lead to social problems eg. Hulme, Manchester poorly constructed resulted in ill health/suicides/deaths/poor social security as the crescents became ‘dumping grounds’ for the poorest, robberies carried out unnoticed -> CYCLE OF DEPRIVATIOM
What are mixed communities?
Inequality is a highly SPATIALISED issue which results in PFLs of deprivation and increasing gap between rich and poor
therefore, creation of mixed communities where there is a range of cheap to wealthy houses => all levels of wealth live in same place + access to the same services
-from a Govt./planners scale
-forms different levels of affluence in one area instead of spiral of decline
-not characterised by exclusion eg. Lansdown/low income areas
Why are mixed communities hard to create?
where to put?!
where is funding coming from?!
What is the 24 hour city?
Mainly in EDCs and LIDCs eg Mumbai have a long history of a city that never sleeps, large urban areas transform depending on the time of day and architects promote this idea
How is a 24 hour city created?
- POPULATION CHANGE
particularly in central hubs increase young professionals eg 250 listened premises remain open after midnight in London) - TOURISM
doubling of bus night routes
increase foreign residence from countries like Mumbai
increasing art museums/theatres open in early hours - INCREASING SHIFT WORK
increase the number of people working at night
eg mocdonalds/gyms
ATTEMPTS TO ALTER COMMON PERCEPTIONS OF CENTRAL PLACES BEING UNSAFE AT NIGHT
What are community groups? why good?
Through local communities assets/inspirations to contribute to health and wellbeing
-adress communal and enviro matters
Heritage associations help preserve key historic features for future generations (mostly NGOs at a range of scales eg National trust)
PCs for traffic speeds/community centres = small scale changes through using opinions to pass policies
BOTTOM UP SMALL SCALE APPROACH however can be transformative eg expanding shops-> street festivals-> attract investment
Social + enviro improvements to stimulate businesses into their local area and increase connectedness of neighbourhood
How do community groups shape the place? What does it depend on? scale?
- Digital tech to integrate through social media encourages public participation=> community focus recognised by govt./councils
-voluntary commiteees managing natural reserves/local charities fundraising/to reduce anti-social behaviour/housing development.
-Depends on a groups purpose (increased due to prominent historical and cultural links )- can complain to local authorities
— not deprived=less likely for community engagement
-depends on funding
INSIGNIFICANT NATIONALLY
