5.a Flashcards
why have some urban areas declined in the last 50 years?
why have some urban areas declined in the last 50 years?
who is usually involved in placemaking?
local and national govts. bring the money and ultimately make the decisions
businesses and TNCs drive investment
tourists drive placemaking
architects/planners
successful placemaking deals with how PEOPLE will interact with a place. people-centric approach
what is placemaking?
placemaking centres around the planning, design and management of public spaces
it creats/improves places to live and work in
it has people at the heart
its not only about econoic gain
it focuses on how the environment and society would benefit
how is regeneration important in placemaking?
places which have faced decilne, a recession or a negative structural change may be in need of regenerating
includes attracting new businesses/cultural opportunities and encourage wealthy migrants to these places
placemaking needs to make these places ‘desirable’ to enourage industries/TNCs/people/cultural scenes to locate in the place
how is ATTRACTING FDI important in placemaking?
tourists and companies
advances the economic development of the place
creates new jobs
creates dynamic and globaly connected places
helps places become more involved in international business activities
why might it be difficult to always attract FDI?
could create disparities as it will only go to certain places
because of the globalised nature of the world, you’re competeing with literally every city in the world
places are competing to attract only a few companies
how are governments involved in placemaking?
get involved in TOP DOWN schemes
often the ultimate decision makes especially for big projects like HS2
they can change the rules to attract FDI
they encourage FDI to help overcome problems of structural change. For this, infrastructure needs improving and the govt needs to offer financial incentives.
EU investment involves ERDF money in projects like the Eden Project. through investing in projects and boosting a place’s economy it brings about social and enironmental imprivements
UK govt has established Development Corporations in big cities in need of investment. They aquire land that is not used, clean it up and try to attract investors.
how did Nissan positively impact sunderland?
land was sold at agricultural prices by govt (cheap)
govt also offered grant of £10 mill
Nissan invested £2.1 bilion in the site
5,000 jobs
economic ecosystem
how significant are governments in placemaking?
provide the money and resources
actually make the decisions
large scale
only player that can attract FDI by offering grants/cheap land. can be transformational e.g. Nissan in Sunderland
local vs national govt changes scale and therefore perhaps importance
- might not cater to the people. wont be transformative for everyone
how are planners and architects involved in placemaking?
closely linked to the govt at a local level
they create LOCAL PLANS
these provide the framework for what should be built or how land should be used
Local Authorities (LAs) contract architects for design work but have to approve their plans - so the ultimate power over placemaking rests with them
through designs, architects have the power to transform a place completely. make or break.
promoting the 24 hr city which will change people’s perception of cities at night
designs may be radical or reflect culture.
poor designs can lead to social problems
how did governments have a placemaking impact through the London Docklands?
cost £390 mill of public money (enormous scale, only govts could do it)
resulted in £8000 million private investment
huge economic improvements
24,000 extra housing units
80,000 jobs
cleaned up docks
employment is 3x higher
how significant are planners and architects in placemaking?
Sydney Opera House = ICONIC. transformed the harbourside
makes the place more attractive/popular
people visit there
has the power to shape a place positively or negatively
e.g. Hulme in Manchester
how are community groups involved in placemaking?
with community based participation, effective placemaking makes the most of a local communities assets, inspiration and expertise
results in the creation of public spaces people WANT and can contribute to their health and wellbeing
parish councils, resident’s associations or heritage associations
implement small scale change to get places changed to suit the needs of the local people
HAs help preserve key historic features
digital technology means more people can get involved in the process. opinions heard through social media and forums
how significant are community groups in placemaking?
smaller scale
more implementing finishing touches
have very little power over actual decision making and they more just advise those with the money to implement change
really good bottom up placemaking (small scale that attracts people to the place and therefore can initiate big scale change
e.g. Bath Heritage Watch Dog tried to stop KFC being built due to fear of ↑ litter - it was built anyway.
how can placemaking go wrong?
HULME, MANCHESTER
built 1960s, demolished 1990s
13,000 people in a small area
30x more likely to be mugged/murdered
3x more likely to show signs of stress
children have no place to play even though they were designed for mamilies
antisocial behaviour - cycle of deprivation
