59: Intro to Herbal Medication

Question 1

echinacea –>

Answer 1

reducing incidence and severity of the common cold and inflammation

Question 2

garlic –>

Answer 2

hypertension

Question 3

ginkgo –>

Answer 3

cognitive decline

Question 4

saw palmetto –>

Answer 4

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 5

st. john’s wort –>

Answer 5

depression

Question 6

MOA echinacea in vitro and animal models

Answer 6

immune modulation
(increase cytokine production)

antiinflammatory (inhibits cycloxygenases)

increases numbers of immunological blood cells

Question 7

warnings echinacea

Answer 7

• immune modulatory actions : don’t take with immune deficienceies
• allergic reation

Question 8

active components in ginkgo biloba

Answer 8

flavone glycosides and terpenoids

controversial results of studies measuring treatment effects

Question 9

adverese effects ginkgo biloba

Answer 9

nausea, headache, diarrhea, anxiety, and insomnia

bleeding- may have antiplatelet actions

Question 10

active component in garlic

Answer 10

allicin

gives odor, cooked out and not present in dried, aged

Question 11

primary uses of garlic

Answer 11

atherosclerosis
high cholesterol
hypertension

Question 12

human studies suggest that garlic…

Answer 12

enhances fibrinolytic activity and has antioxidant effects (accounting for reported garlic-induced decrease in plaque accumulation in arteries in patient with advanced coronary artery disease)

Question 13

data from three clinical trials suggest garlic can reduce…

Answer 13

systolic and diastolic pressure in patient with high blood pressure

**potentially by inhibition of ACE, increasing NO bioavailability, increase H2S production

Question 14

adverse effects and garlic

Answer 14

increased bleeding

discontinue 7 day p surgery

nausea, hypotension and allergy

induces p-glycoprtn drug transporter expression in intestine (reduces bioavailability saquinavir for HIVAIDs)

Question 15

primary use of ginseng

Answer 15

support overall health and boost immune system, improve sense of well-being, boost stamina, mental and physical performance

Question 16

does ginseng reduce cancer fatigue?

Answer 16

according to a clinical trial- yes

Question 17

adverse effects ginseng

Answer 17

CNS stimualtion and hypertension at high doese

irritability, sleeplessness, and manic behavior in patients also taking antipsychotic drugs

dont use with immune modulating drugs

antiplatelet activity

glucose lowering effect

Question 18

primary intended use milk thistle

Answer 18

liver diseases

Question 19

clinical use st. john’s wort

Answer 19

antidepressant

Question 20

active ingredients of st. johns wort

Answer 20

hypericin and hyperforin

thought to inhibit reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine at n. terminals in vitro

Question 21

is st. john’s wort effective?

Answer 21

yes as effective as standard antidepressants with less side effects

Question 22

adverse effects st. johns wort

Answer 22

photosensitization

hypomania and mania

don’t use with other similar acting drugs

can induce hepatic CYP enzymes

withdrawal symptoms similar to other antidepressants

Question 23

active agents saw palmetto

Answer 23

sterols and fatty acids

MOA - inhibit 5a reductase induced conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone in vitro

blocks DHT from binding to androgen receptors in vitro

Question 24

ADVERSE EFFECTS **
seizures -->
bleeding -->
reproduction -->
immune modulating -->
drug metabolism -->

Answer 24

• ginkgo biloba
• ginkgo biolga, garlic, glucosamine/chondroitin
• melatonin
• echinacea, ginseng
• st. johns wort