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Pharm Exam 4 > 52: Antiparasitic Drugs > Flashcards

52: Antiparasitic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

parasites are _____, just like us

A

eukaryotic

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2
Q

similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase in aerobic organisms, ______ catalyzes the conversion f pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

A

PFOR

eukaryotes do not have PFOR, but giradiasis, amebiasis, and trichomoniasis do

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3
Q

MOA metronidazole

A

acitvate under anaerboic conditions by PFOR –> disrupts prtn and DNA structure and function

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4
Q

side effects/contraindications for metronidazole

A

avoid alcohol

safe preggers

little host toxicity

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5
Q

how do you use metronidazole to treat tichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amebiasis?

A

7 d. oral - treat sexual partners simultaneously

tid X 5d.

tid x 7-10 d and follow with more potent (iodoquinol or paromomycin) to eradiacate non-invasive cyst forms

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6
Q

drug of choice for treating symptomatic amebiasis

A

metronidazole

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7
Q

effective at eliminating trophozoite and cyst forms of e. histolytic from the lumen of intestine

A

iodoquinol

no activity against trophozoite forms in tissue

caution with children - optic atrophy and vision loss

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8
Q

treat symptomatic amebiasis

asymptomatic/mild

A

metronidazole follow with iodoqunol or paromomycin

iodoquinol or paromomycin

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9
Q

MOA paromomycin

A

aminoglycoside antibiotic –> inhibits prtn sysnthesis in bacteria

effective at eliminating both trophozoite and cyst forms of e. histolytica from lumen of intestine

no activity against forms that have invaded tissue

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10
Q

symptoms of crytosporidiosis

A

profuse watery diarrhea - rehydrate healthy ppl, chronic/fatal in AIDS ppl

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11
Q

MOA nitazoxanide

A

interferes with PFOR

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12
Q

use nitazoxanide to treat…

A

crytosporidiosis and giardiasis

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13
Q

inhibitors of folate synthesis used to treat pneumocystis jirovecii and tozoplasma gondii respectivley

A

TMP-SMX

Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

we scavenge folate from diet, parasitic protozoa must synthesize their own

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14
Q

MOA sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole)

A

PABA analogs that inhibit the production of pteroic acid from PABA by the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase

prevents synthesis of folate

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15
Q

MOA diaminopyrimidibe (pyrimethamine, trimethoprim)

A

inhibitors of the enzyme DHFR

prevent the formation of tetrahydrofolate (the functional form of folate)

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16
Q

key adverse reactions to sulfonamides

A

rash

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17
Q

_______ often coadministered with pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine treatment to avoid folate deficiency

A

leucovorin

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18
Q

treatment of choic for toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

higher for active; lifelong lower

do not effect dormant tissue cyst

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19
Q

used to treat pneumocystis jirovecii infection

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

higher dose for active- lifelong lower dosese

20
Q

MOA chloroquine

A

interfere with parasite’s ability to detoxify compounds generated durign degradation of hemoglobin

21
Q

trouble with chloroquine

A

widespread resistance issues

22
Q

MOA quinine

A

localizes to digestive vacuoles - interfere with hemoglobin degradation or detoxification of metabolic products

may complex with parastie DNA, interfering with transcription and replication

23
Q

poorest theraputetic:toxic ration for antimalarials

A

quinine

causes cinchonism and hypoglycemia

24
Q

which antimalarial may give you hallucinations and crazy dreams?

A

mefloquine

25
Q

MOA primaquine

A

activated by host metabolism and interferes with mitochondrial ECT and pyrimidine synthesis

26
Q
  • only drug available that has activity against the liver forms of p. vivax and p. ovale
A

primaquine

drug of choice for treating dormant liver forms of p. vivax and p. ovale

27
Q

what do you need to screen for before giving primaquine?

A

G6PD - primaquine can cause RBC lysis

28
Q

atovaquone and proquanil =

A

malarone

atovaquone MOA unkown; proquanil inhibits DHFR

29
Q

MOA doxycycline

A

inhibit growth of plasmodium by disrupting prtn synthesis

30
Q

major side effects of doxycycline

A

photosensitivity dermatitis

and staining of teeth in children

31
Q

artemisin is extracted from

A

chinese wormwood

MOA unknown

32
Q

inhibit mitosis in parasite

A

bensimidazole compounds

33
Q

cause muscle paralysis of the parasite

A

ivermectin
pyrantel pamoate
praziquantel

34
Q

benzimidazole with greatest toxicity

A

thiabendazole

GI issues and CNS distrubances

others just GI

35
Q

contraindications for benzimidazoles

A

pregnancy

and under 2yo

36
Q

what is a single dose of albendazole or mebendazole used to treat?

A

ascariasis
pinworm
hookworm
whipworm

37
Q

second line drug used in treatment of strongyloidiasis

A

thiabendazoe

38
Q

treatment for cutaneous larval migrans

A

thiabendazole topical

39
Q

MOA ivermectin

A

causes hyperpolarization in muscle cells resulting in paralysis

40
Q

drug of choice for strongyloidiasis

A

ivermectin

used in treating tissue dwelling nematodes including river blindness, eye worm

41
Q

MOA pyrantel pamoate

A

activates cholinergic nicotinic receptors in somatic muscles of neamatodes

42
Q

drug of choice for treating pinworm

A

pyrantel pamoate

treatment for entire household is recommended!

43
Q

MOA praziquantel

A

increase the calcium permeability of worm’s tegument –> paralysis

44
Q

drug of choice for treating all infection of man caused by tapeworms and flukes

A

praziquantel

45
Q

praziquantel dosing for:
flukes
tapeworms
cysticercosis

A

three doses in single day
single dose
two weeks treatment

Pharm Exam 4 (12 decks)

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