5.8-5.9 Flashcards
What type of innovation was represented by OpenAI’s release of ChatGPT in December 2022?
Disruptive
What type of innovation is represented by Apple’s inclusion of new features in its periodic releases of new iPhone models?
Incremental
What is the term for a change that fundamentally alters an entire industry?
Paradigm innovation
What is the term for developing new methods of production or product delivery?
Process innovation
What is the term for when a product is marketed to a new target audience?
Positioning innovation
What is the term for developing and improving existing products?
Product innovation
What type of intellectual property protection covers JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series?
Copyright
What type of intellectual property protection covers Apple’s iPhone?
Patent
What type of intellectual property protection covers Apple’s logo?
Trademark
What type of orientation was Moderna’s development of the mRNA vaccine prior to knowing what type of diseases it would be able to treat?
Product orientation
Which two quadrants of the Ansoff Matrix involve the introduction of new products?
Product development and diversification
Which stage of the product life cycle involves high levels of spending with the goal of releasing a new product with a unique selling point?
Research and development
Which of the following is not an effect of Digital Taylorism?
Reduced efficiency
Which of the following is not a limitation of critical data infrastructure?
None of these
What was the estimated increase in the worldwide cost of cybercrime from 2015 to 2024?
$3.0 trillion (2015) to $9.5 trillion (2024)
What is the term for an attack on a computer system designed to slow down website traffic by overwhelming it with activity?
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack
What is the term for software planted on a computer system designed to block access to those systems until a sum of money is paid?
Ransomware
What is the term for exploiting weaknesses in computer systems and networks to gain access to data?
Hacking
What is the term for the connections of computing systems and nodes that are like the neurons of a human brain?
Artificial neural networks (ANN)
What is the term for a set of instructions to solve a problem or to complete a task or computation?
Algorithm
What is the term for an organised collection of information stored in an electronic system?
Database
What is the term for a system that collects, collates, coordinates, controls and channels information within an organisation?
Management information system (MIS)
