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Module 5 > 5.6 Computer Structure > Flashcards

5.6 Computer Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Computers functions by using 2 logic levels, name them.

A

On and Off.

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2
Q

How are the 2 logic levels On and Off operated?

A

By using a BIT of information 1 or 0, 1/High = ON (5V), 0/LOW = Off(0V)

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3
Q

Transistors are turned on or off by applying?

A

A Voltage to the base.

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4
Q

What is required to get this circuit to operate what gate function is it using?

A

Transistorized circuits using a simple AND gate function. both inputs to the base of each transistor must be a 1/High(5V) in order for the circuit to operate.

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5
Q

How many values are there for a bit?

A

2 (0 and 1)

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6
Q

How many values are there for 2 bits?

A

4 (00,01,10,11)

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7
Q

How many values are there for 3 bits?

A

8 Possible values

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8
Q

How many possible values are there for 4 bits (NIBBLE)

A

16 possible values

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9
Q

How many possible values in 8 bits (BYTE)?

A

256 possible values.

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10
Q

What forms the basic unit of memory?

A

Individual bytes or a group of bytes.

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11
Q

The ASCII codes use eight bits (byte) to represent?

A

A single character such as a letter A or the number 7

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12
Q

What letter is used whenever we refer to the size of memory?

A

K (eg: 512K) K is equal to 1024 units.

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13
Q

If a computer has 512K bytes of primary storage how much can it hold?

A

512 x 1024 = 524,288 bytes of data.

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14
Q

Every function performed by a computer is done at the most basic level by applying?

A

A bit of information to a transistor.

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15
Q

What is a “Adder”

A

A range or series of gates which are then represented by a single symbol.

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16
Q

With data processing circuits what can be used to produce circuits capable of performing calculations?

A

Transistorized gates.

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17
Q

A half adder (HA) is used to?

A

Add 2 binary digits together as well as a building block for larger adding circuits.

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18
Q

What must be considered when adding binary digits?

A

The circuit must have a line for carrying on any overflow.

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19
Q

A full adder is used to?

A

Add 3 binary digits together.

20
Q

What is the easiest way to create a Full Adder (FA)?

A

Using 2 half adders (HA)

21
Q

When are computers employed?

A

When repetitious calculations or processing of large amounts of data are necessary

22
Q

A CPU is made of?

A

A collection of logic circuits configured to produce a desired outcome.

23
Q

What is the CPU and its basic function?

A

The brain of the computer, processes data transferred to it from one of the various input devices, and then transfers the results of the processing to another output device.

24
Q

What is required for a CPU to perform calculations or manipulate data?

A

A central control system

25
Q

How is the data control, instructions and addresses communicated between components of the computer? (CPU)

A

Using internal and external data buses.

26
Q

Where is the program (control system) of a computer stored? BIOS?

A

Internal circuits of the computer (Computer memory)

27
Q

What are the four major types of computer control?

A

Transfer, Arithmetic, Logic and Control.

28
Q

Describe the Transfer process of a control section

A

Move Data from one location to another.

29
Q

Describe the Arithmetic process of a control section?

A

Combines 2 or more pieces of data to form a single piece of data.

30
Q

Describe the Logic operation of a control section.

A

Permit the computer to select the proper program SEQUENCE to be executed making decisions based on results previously generated.

31
Q

Describe the Control operation of a Control Section.

A

Used to send commands to devices not under direct command of the control section.

32
Q

What operations does the arithmetic-logic section perform?

A

Adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

33
Q

What is the operation of the Arithmetic-Logic section.

A

Data flows from internal storage to the arithmetic logic section, processed then returned to internal storage.

34
Q

At no time does processing take place?

A

In the storage section.

35
Q

Data is transferred from internal storage to arithmetic-logic section several times until processing is completed, what happens after this?

A

Results transferred from internal storage to an output unit as indicated by a SOLID ARROW

36
Q

Each memory (internal storage) section of a computer has a large number of storage locations each referred to as?

A

Storage address or register.

37
Q

All memory sections must contain facilities to store computer data or instructions until?

A

Instructions or data are needed in the performance of the computer calculations.

38
Q

The process by which instructions and data are read into a computer is known as?

A

Loading.

39
Q

What is the operating system?

A

Collection of many programs used by the computer to manage its own resources and operations.
MANAGES THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

40
Q

What are the advantages of a operating system?

A

Greater operating efficiency and easier application development.

41
Q

What is the Boot strap loader?

A

When the computer is turned on it tries to load or boot an external operating system.

42
Q

What components are connected to the motherboard?

A

CPU, GPU, Soundcards, Memory card, Floppy and CD drives.

43
Q

What is the term “Hard Fail” used to identify?

A

A hardware fault or an unserviceable item that usually requires replacement.

44
Q

Software plays a major role in computer data processing, without software, the computer could not perform?

A

Simple addition It takes a program to make the computer function.

45
Q

Define Software

A

Stored programs and routines needed to fully use the capabilities of a computer.

46
Q

What is ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) commonly used for on aircraft avionics systems?

A

Fault isolate components and circuitry, the cost of the ATE far outweighs the cost of purchasing software for fault isolation.

Module 5 (10 decks)

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