5.6 Computer Structure

Question 1

Computers functions by using 2 logic levels, name them.

Answer 1

On and Off.

Question 2

How are the 2 logic levels On and Off operated?

Answer 2

By using a BIT of information 1 or 0, 1/High = ON (5V), 0/LOW = Off(0V)

Question 3

Transistors are turned on or off by applying?

Answer 3

A Voltage to the base.

Question 4

What is required to get this circuit to operate what gate function is it using?

Answer 4

Transistorized circuits using a simple AND gate function. both inputs to the base of each transistor must be a 1/High(5V) in order for the circuit to operate.

Question 5

How many values are there for a bit?

Answer 5

2 (0 and 1)

Question 6

How many values are there for 2 bits?

Answer 6

4 (00,01,10,11)

Question 7

How many values are there for 3 bits?

Answer 7

8 Possible values

Question 8

How many possible values are there for 4 bits (NIBBLE)

Answer 8

16 possible values

Question 9

How many possible values in 8 bits (BYTE)?

Answer 9

256 possible values.

Question 10

What forms the basic unit of memory?

Answer 10

Individual bytes or a group of bytes.

Question 11

The ASCII codes use eight bits (byte) to represent?

Answer 11

A single character such as a letter A or the number 7

Question 12

What letter is used whenever we refer to the size of memory?

Answer 12

K (eg: 512K) K is equal to 1024 units.

Question 13

If a computer has 512K bytes of primary storage how much can it hold?

Answer 13

512 x 1024 = 524,288 bytes of data.

Question 14

Every function performed by a computer is done at the most basic level by applying?

Answer 14

A bit of information to a transistor.

Question 15

What is a “Adder”

Answer 15

A range or series of gates which are then represented by a single symbol.

Question 16

With data processing circuits what can be used to produce circuits capable of performing calculations?

Answer 16

Transistorized gates.

Question 17

A half adder (HA) is used to?

Answer 17

Add 2 binary digits together as well as a building block for larger adding circuits.

Question 18

What must be considered when adding binary digits?

Answer 18

The circuit must have a line for carrying on any overflow.

Question 19

A full adder is used to?

Answer 19

Add 3 binary digits together.

Question 20

What is the easiest way to create a Full Adder (FA)?

Answer 20

Using 2 half adders (HA)

Question 21

When are computers employed?

Answer 21

When repetitious calculations or processing of large amounts of data are necessary

Question 22

A CPU is made of?

Answer 22

A collection of logic circuits configured to produce a desired outcome.

Question 23

What is the CPU and its basic function?

Answer 23

The brain of the computer, processes data transferred to it from one of the various input devices, and then transfers the results of the processing to another output device.

Question 24

What is required for a CPU to perform calculations or manipulate data?

Answer 24

A central control system

Question 25

How is the data control, instructions and addresses communicated between components of the computer? (CPU)

Answer 25

Using internal and external data buses.

Question 26

Where is the program (control system) of a computer stored? BIOS?

Answer 26

Internal circuits of the computer (Computer memory)

Question 27

What are the four major types of computer control?

Answer 27

Transfer, Arithmetic, Logic and Control.

Question 28

Describe the Transfer process of a control section

Answer 28

Move Data from one location to another.

Question 29

Describe the Arithmetic process of a control section?

Answer 29

Combines 2 or more pieces of data to form a single piece of data.

Question 30

Describe the Logic operation of a control section.

Answer 30

Permit the computer to select the proper program SEQUENCE to be executed making decisions based on results previously generated.

Question 31

Describe the Control operation of a Control Section.

Answer 31

Used to send commands to devices not under direct command of the control section.

Question 32

What operations does the arithmetic-logic section perform?

Answer 32

Adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

Question 33

What is the operation of the Arithmetic-Logic section.

Answer 33

Data flows from internal storage to the arithmetic logic section, processed then returned to internal storage.

Question 34

At no time does processing take place?

Answer 34

In the storage section.

Question 35

Data is transferred from internal storage to arithmetic-logic section several times until processing is completed, what happens after this?

Answer 35

Results transferred from internal storage to an output unit as indicated by a SOLID ARROW

Question 36

Each memory (internal storage) section of a computer has a large number of storage locations each referred to as?

Answer 36

Storage address or register.

Question 37

All memory sections must contain facilities to store computer data or instructions until?

Answer 37

Instructions or data are needed in the performance of the computer calculations.

Question 38

The process by which instructions and data are read into a computer is known as?

Answer 38

Loading.

Question 39

What is the operating system?

Answer 39

Collection of many programs used by the computer to manage its own resources and operations. MANAGES THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Question 40

What are the advantages of a operating system?

Answer 40

Greater operating efficiency and easier application development.

Question 41

What is the Boot strap loader?

Answer 41

When the computer is turned on it tries to load or boot an external operating system.

Question 42

What components are connected to the motherboard?

Answer 42

CPU, GPU, Soundcards, Memory card, Floppy and CD drives.

Question 43

What is the term "Hard Fail" used to identify?

Answer 43

A hardware fault or an unserviceable item that usually requires replacement.

Question 44

Software plays a major role in computer data processing, without software, the computer could not perform?

Answer 44

Simple addition It takes a program to make the computer function.

Question 45

Define Software

Answer 45

Stored programs and routines needed to fully use the capabilities of a computer.

Question 46

What is ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) commonly used for on aircraft avionics systems?

Answer 46

Fault isolate components and circuitry, the cost of the ATE far outweighs the cost of purchasing software for fault isolation.