5.6 Computer Structure Flashcards
Computers functions by using 2 logic levels, name them.
On and Off.
How are the 2 logic levels On and Off operated?
By using a BIT of information 1 or 0, 1/High = ON (5V), 0/LOW = Off(0V)
Transistors are turned on or off by applying?
A Voltage to the base.
What is required to get this circuit to operate what gate function is it using?
Transistorized circuits using a simple AND gate function. both inputs to the base of each transistor must be a 1/High(5V) in order for the circuit to operate.
How many values are there for a bit?
2 (0 and 1)
How many values are there for 2 bits?
4 (00,01,10,11)
How many values are there for 3 bits?
8 Possible values
How many possible values are there for 4 bits (NIBBLE)
16 possible values
How many possible values in 8 bits (BYTE)?
256 possible values.
What forms the basic unit of memory?
Individual bytes or a group of bytes.
The ASCII codes use eight bits (byte) to represent?
A single character such as a letter A or the number 7
What letter is used whenever we refer to the size of memory?
K (eg: 512K) K is equal to 1024 units.
If a computer has 512K bytes of primary storage how much can it hold?
512 x 1024 = 524,288 bytes of data.
Every function performed by a computer is done at the most basic level by applying?
A bit of information to a transistor.
What is a “Adder”
A range or series of gates which are then represented by a single symbol.
With data processing circuits what can be used to produce circuits capable of performing calculations?
Transistorized gates.
A half adder (HA) is used to?
Add 2 binary digits together as well as a building block for larger adding circuits.
What must be considered when adding binary digits?
The circuit must have a line for carrying on any overflow.
A full adder is used to?
Add 3 binary digits together.
What is the easiest way to create a Full Adder (FA)?
Using 2 half adders (HA)
When are computers employed?
When repetitious calculations or processing of large amounts of data are necessary
A CPU is made of?
A collection of logic circuits configured to produce a desired outcome.
What is the CPU and its basic function?
The brain of the computer, processes data transferred to it from one of the various input devices, and then transfers the results of the processing to another output device.
What is required for a CPU to perform calculations or manipulate data?
A central control system
How is the data control, instructions and addresses communicated between components of the computer? (CPU)
Using internal and external data buses.
Where is the program (control system) of a computer stored? BIOS?
Internal circuits of the computer (Computer memory)
What are the four major types of computer control?
Transfer, Arithmetic, Logic and Control.
Describe the Transfer process of a control section
Move Data from one location to another.
Describe the Arithmetic process of a control section?
Combines 2 or more pieces of data to form a single piece of data.
Describe the Logic operation of a control section.
Permit the computer to select the proper program SEQUENCE to be executed making decisions based on results previously generated.
Describe the Control operation of a Control Section.
Used to send commands to devices not under direct command of the control section.
What operations does the arithmetic-logic section perform?
Adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.
What is the operation of the Arithmetic-Logic section.
Data flows from internal storage to the arithmetic logic section, processed then returned to internal storage.
At no time does processing take place?
In the storage section.
Data is transferred from internal storage to arithmetic-logic section several times until processing is completed, what happens after this?
Results transferred from internal storage to an output unit as indicated by a SOLID ARROW
Each memory (internal storage) section of a computer has a large number of storage locations each referred to as?
Storage address or register.
All memory sections must contain facilities to store computer data or instructions until?
Instructions or data are needed in the performance of the computer calculations.
The process by which instructions and data are read into a computer is known as?
Loading.
What is the operating system?
Collection of many programs used by the computer to manage its own resources and operations.
MANAGES THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
What are the advantages of a operating system?
Greater operating efficiency and easier application development.
What is the Boot strap loader?
When the computer is turned on it tries to load or boot an external operating system.
What components are connected to the motherboard?
CPU, GPU, Soundcards, Memory card, Floppy and CD drives.
What is the term “Hard Fail” used to identify?
A hardware fault or an unserviceable item that usually requires replacement.
Software plays a major role in computer data processing, without software, the computer could not perform?
Simple addition It takes a program to make the computer function.
Define Software
Stored programs and routines needed to fully use the capabilities of a computer.
What is ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) commonly used for on aircraft avionics systems?
Fault isolate components and circuitry, the cost of the ATE far outweighs the cost of purchasing software for fault isolation.
