5.6

Question 1

many drugs work by

Answer 1

interacting with synapses

Question 2

Nicotine is similar in shape to acetylcholine which means that it

Answer 2

binds to acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 3

Nicotine stimulates the synapses in the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system -

Answer 3

causes the HR and BR to increase and BP rises

Brain - synapses that use acetylcholine are stimulated - user’s reaction time becomes faster and they feel more energised

Question 4

Cocaine affects synapses that use dopamine as a

Answer 4

neurotransmitter

Question 5

(Cocaine) after dopamine has been released into the synaptic cleft it is transported back into the

Answer 5

presynaptic cleft so that it can be used again

Question 6

(Cocaine) the dopamine is taken back into the presynaptic neurone via

Answer 6

specific dopamine transporters

Question 7

Cocaine fits into these dopamine transporters and prevents

Answer 7

dopamine from binding to them - dopamine remains in the synaptic cleft, causing repeated stimulation of the postsynaptic neurone

Question 8

(Cocaine) user experiences pleasant feelings that

Answer 8

encourage them to take the drug again

Question 9

LSD is a

Answer 9

synthetic drug

Question 10

LSD causes

Answer 10

powerful hallucinations

Question 11

LSD acts mainly on synapses that use another kind of monoamine transmitter -

Answer 11

serotonin

Question 12

LSD is similar in shape to

Answer 12

serotonin

Question 13

(LSD) 2 different kinds of serotonin receptors on postsynaptic membranes:

Answer 13

Type 1

Type 2

Question 14

When LSD fits into type 1 serotonin receptors, it opens sodium channels in the postsynaptic neurone and stimulates the

Answer 14

postsynaptic neurone

Question 15

When LSD fits into type 2 serotonin receptors on postsynaptic membranes it blocks the receptors and prevents serotonin from binding - therefore causes

Answer 15

inhibition of the postsynaptic neurone

Question 16

Inhibitory neurotransmitters are normally present in dopamine synapses, inhibiting the release of

Answer 16

dopamine

Question 17

The body naturally produces a cannabinoid substance called

Answer 17

anandamide

Question 18

Anandamide binds to cannabinoid, or THC receptors on the neurones that produce this inhibitor. This stops these neruones releasing the inhibitor and allows dopamine to be released by the

Answer 18

dopamine releasing neurones

Question 19

marijuana contains a chemical called THC which is

Answer 19

very similar in shape to anandamide

Question 20

THC binds to the cannabinoid or THC receptors and suppresses the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter as a result

Answer 20

dopamine is released

Question 21

Anadamide breaks down very quickly in the body so it causes only a temporary release of

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

THC however, remains for much longer, causing a

Answer 22

greater release of dopamine and a lasting ‘high’