5.4.2 Cloning Mammals Flashcards
How is it possible to clone animals
using embryo transplants
if a farmer wants the best cattle, they must first create an offspring from the best bull and best cow, and then, what?
clone this offspring to create many genetically identical copies (clones)
What is this process known as?
embryo cloning
How is embryo cloning achieved? (6 steps)
1. Egg cells from the best cow are artificially fertilised using sperm cells taken from the best bull
in the following way:
Describe the way adult cell cloning is achieved (5 steps)
1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
Benefits & Risks of Cloning, what are 3 benefits?
1. Cloning could be used to help preserve endangered species of plants and animals
Benefits & Risks of Cloning, what are 3 risks
1. Cloning can result in a reduced gene pool (like selective breeding). This means there are fewer different alleles in a population, leaving the population with a smaller chance of having resistance to new diseases.
How many attempts did it take scientists to successfully clone a sheep?
276
Why did scientists create dolly the sheep
because they were exploring the possibility of producing medicines in the milk of mammals
What does transgenic mean?
An organism or cell of one species into which one or more genes of another species have been inserted
A transgenic animal that contains a gene within their genome that causes them to produce, what?
a useful compound within their milk is produced
Once this has been done the animal can be cloned to produce a whole herd or flock, all of which produce the same special milk, what is this process called?
pharming
Pharming has been used to produce, what?
Antibodies for targeting cancer cells in humans
Blood clotting factor IX for haemophilia (blood clotting disorder)
Alpha-1-antitrypsin for cystic fibrosis sufferers
