5.4 ORGANICS II

Question 1

Functional group of alcohol molecules

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

Conditions for hydration of ethene

Answer 2

• 300c
• 65atm pressure
• Phosphoric Acid Catalyst

Question 3

Raw material used in hydration of ethene

Answer 3

Crude oil - provides the ethene

Question 4

Advantages of hydration of ethene

Answer 4

• Runs continuously
• Makes pure ethanol

Question 5

Hydration of ethene equation

Answer 5

Ethene + Water –> Ethanol

Question 6

Disadvantages to hydration of ethene

Answer 6

• Conditions require lots of energy
• Non-renewable raw material used

Question 7

Disadvantages to hydration of ethene

Answer 7

• Conditions require lots of energy
• Non-renewable raw material used

Question 8

Conditons for fermentation of glucose

Answer 8

• Yeast to provide enzymes
• 30c
• Anaerobic conditions

Question 9

Conditons for fermentation of glucose

Answer 9

• Yeast to provide enzymes
• 30c
• Anaerobic conditions

Question 10

Raw material used in fermentation of glucose

Answer 10

Sugar cane - provides the glucose

Question 11

Fermentation of glucose equation

Answer 11

Glucose –> 2Ethanol + 2Carbon Dioxide

Question 12

Advantages to fermentation of glucose

Answer 12

• Renewable resource used
• Conditions not energy intensive

Question 13

Disadvantages to fermentation of glucose

Answer 13

• Makes impure ethanol
• Must be done in individual batches

Question 14

Observation for combustion of ethanol

Answer 14

Non-luminous, blue flame

Question 15

Equation for ethanol combustion

Answer 15

Ethanol + 3Oxygen –> 2Carbon Dioxide + 2Water

Question 16

What happens to ethanol when it is microbially or chemically oxidated

Answer 16

It becomes ethanoic acid

Question 17

When can microbial oxidation occur

Answer 17

In aerobic conditions

Question 18

Microbial oxidation of ethanol equation

Answer 18

Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water

Question 19

Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol

Answer 19

• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
• Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Question 20

Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol

Answer 20

• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
• Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Question 21

Chemical oxidation of ethanol equation

Answer 21

Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water

Question 22

What is the colour change in microbial oxidation

Answer 22

Orange –> Green

Question 23

Functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 23

-COOH

Question 24

What is vinegar

Answer 24

An aqueous solution of ethanoic acid

Question 25

How is vinegar formed

Answer 25

When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation

Question 26

How is vinegar formed

Answer 26

When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation

Question 27

What happens when carboxylic acids behave as salts

Answer 27

They form (ethan)OATE'S - with a charge of 1-

Question 28

How do esters form

Answer 28

When an alcohol and carboxylic acid join by losing a water molecule

Question 29

Functional group of ester

Answer 29

-COO-

Question 30

Ester formation general equation

Answer 30

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol --> Ester + Water

Question 31

How do we name esters

Answer 31

alcohol then carboxylic acid

Question 32

What part of the alcohol is lost when forming an ester

Answer 32

H

Question 33

What part of the carboxylic acid is lost when forming an ester

Answer 33

OH

Question 34

How to make an ester

Answer 34

* Mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together * Add concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst * Warm it * Tip into sodium carbonate solution to neutralise sulfuric acid catalyst * Wait till effervesence has stopped

Question 35

Use of esters

Answer 35

Food flavourings or perfumes (strong, distinctive smells)

Question 36

What monomers are needed to form a polyester

Answer 36

A dicarboxylic acid and diol

Question 37

What does a dicarboxylic acid look like

Answer 37

Question 38

What does a diol look like

Answer 38

Question 39

What is the product of a polyester

Answer 39

2n Water

Question 40

What does 'biodegradable' mean (about polyesters)

Answer 40

Microbes like bacteria and fungi can use enzymes to break it down into monomers and use them as an energy supply