5.3.1 & 5.3.2 - Transition Element & Qualitative analysis

Question 1

What is a transition metal ?

Answer 1

A d-block element
That can form at least one stable ion
With an incomplete d sub-shell

Question 2

What are the two transition elements that fill up different and why do they fill up like this and what is their electronic configuration

Answer 2

• Copper and chromium fill up differently because having a half-full or full d sub-shell makes them more stable.
• Electron from 4s orbital shifts in to one of the 3d orbitals

Question 3

What two period 4 elements are not transition elements and why aren’t they considered to be transition elements ?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the properties of transition metals.

Answer 4

• They have variable oxidation’s states : This is because the electrons that are in the 4s and 3d orbitals have similar energy levels which makes them very close. so electrons are lost using a similar amount of energy.
• They form coloured compounds
• Catatlytic action - Which is good as it reduced energy usage saving money and also better for the environment.
• They form complex ions

Question 5

What are the risks of using catalyst ?

Answer 5

Question 6

What reactions do you remember that use transition metals as catalyst ?

Answer 6

Question 7

What type of reaction is Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ and what other reactants are needed ?

Answer 7

Type of reaction : Oxidation

Whole solution would look like this :
- MnO₄ to Mn²⁺ : Purple to pale pink

Question 8

What type of reaction is Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ ?

Answer 8

Type of reaction : Reduction
Whole solution would look like : Orange brown to a brown solution (due to the formation of iodine)

Question 9

What is the colour of Cr³⁺

Answer 9

Question 10

What type of reaction is Cr₂O₇ to Cr³⁺.

What other reagents would you need ?

Answer 10

Type of reaction : Reduction Whole solution : Orange to green

Question 11

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Fe³⁺ with :
1. NaOH and NH₃
2. Excess NaOH and NH₃

Answer 11

Question 12

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Fe²⁺ with :
1. NaOH and NH₃
2. Excess NaOH and NH₃

Answer 12

Question 13

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Mn²⁺ with :
1. NaOH and NH₃
2. Excess NaOH and NH₃

Answer 13

Question 14

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Cu²⁺ with :
1. NaOH and NH₃

Answer 14

Question 15

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Cu²⁺ with :
1. Excess NaOH and NH₃

Answer 15

Question 16

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Cr³⁺ with :
1. NaOH and NH₃

Answer 16

Question 17

Write the equation and observation for the reaction of Cr²⁺ with :
1. Excess NaOH and NH₃

Answer 17

Question 18

What two type of reactions do you know that are in this topic ?

Answer 18

• Precipitation
• Ligand substitution

Question 19

Reaction of Cr³⁺ to CrO^2- 4
And what are the observations

Answer 19

Question 20

Disproportionation reaction of Cu⁺ and what are your observations

Answer 20

Question 21

Reaction of cobalt with chlorine and the observation

Answer 21

Question 22

Reaction of Copper with chlorine and the observations

Answer 22

Question 23

This is just something to note down

Answer 23

Question 24

Why is CO toxic to humans ?

Answer 24

Question 25

What metal ion allows oxygen to be transported in the blood

Answer 25

Question 26

What is a ligand ?

Answer 26

- An ion, atom or molecule that donates a lone pair of electrons to from a dative covenants bond (coordinate bond) to metal ion

Question 27

What is the difference between mono-dentate, bi-dentate ligands and multi-dentate ligands ?

Answer 27

- Mono-dentate ligands : Ligands that from one dative covenant bond (coordinate-ordinate bond) to metal ion allows - Bi-dentate ligands : Ligand which can from two co-ordinate bonds to metal ions - Multi-dentate ligands : Ligands which can from more than two co-ordinate bonds to a metal ion.

Question 28

Example of mono-dentate ligands and their charges

Answer 28

Question 29

Example of bi-dentate ligands and their charges

Answer 29

Question 30

What is a complex ion ?

Answer 30

- A central metal ion surrounded by co-coordinately bonded ligands

Question 31

What is the co-ordination number ?

Answer 31

The **number of co-ordinate bonds** from ligands to metal ions. It is NOT the umber of ligands !!!

Question 32

Lewis bases vs Lewis acids

Answer 32

- The opposite of what you would expect

Question 33

Now this is gonna be on one flashcards, yes it might be allot but i need you to have all your examples ready so : 1. Name all the different shapes of the complex you can have 2. Draw out how they would look like 3. Name the co-ordination number 4. Give the bond angle 5. write out the charge

Answer 33

Question 34

What shapes can be Cist-trans isomer and give examples

Answer 34

Square planar and octahedral

Question 35

What shapes can be optical isomers and give examples

Answer 35

Octahedral

Question 36

The spec wants you to be able to: 1. explain what cist platinum is used for 2. How it works (its action) 3. Benefits and risks of it

Answer 36

1. Used as an anti cancer drug 2. Binds to DNA and prevents cell division 3. Benefits : Destroys cancerous cells/stops them from dividing Risks: Unpleasant side effects e.g hair loss, risk of infection and kidney damage The cisplatin version only works as two chloride ions are displaced and the molecule joins on to the DNA. In doing this it stops the replication of cancerous cells. In the body one Cl ligand is subsituted by a water molecule Pt(NH3)2Cl+ H20 → [Pt(NH3)2C|H20)]* + CI-