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Week 2 Phys > 53 Urine concentration & Dilution > Flashcards

53 Urine concentration & Dilution Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxia induces production of this hormone in the kidneys. Induces RBC synthesis in the bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin

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2
Q

Promotes Ca++ reabsorption. When Ca++ is low, PTH is released, stimulating the conversion this hormone into its active form

A

Vitamin D (active form)

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3
Q

Vasodilator. Increases the GFR by dilating the afferent arterioles

A

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

The kidney senses how much Na+ is being delivered to the kidney and secretes this hormone in response to this. The juxtaglomerular cells also secrete this hormone secondary to decrease in GFR (decrease in renal arterial pressure)

A

Renin

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5
Q

T/F. Water levels (in grams) are the major determinant of ECF volume

A

False. Sodium levels (in grams) are the major determinant of ECF volume

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6
Q

This system promotes sodium reabsorption (and water reabsorption) and regulates blood pressure

A

RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)

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7
Q

What is the major determinant of ECF osmolatiry?

A

Water

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8
Q

This hormone promotes water reabsorption (doesn’t promote Na+ reabsorption) and concentrates urine

A

ADH (vasopressin)

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9
Q

T/F. ECF sodium levels must be kept constant b/c Na+ is the primary determinant of ECF volume (i.e. blood pressure)

A

True

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10
Q

This hormone is responsible for acute excretion of sodium

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

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11
Q

This hormone is the only one involved in chronic sodium conservation (in the kidneys)

A

Aldosterone. However, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and the Sympathetic NS are involved in acute conservation

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12
Q

This hormone is responsible for chronic excretion of sodium by diluting the urine

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

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13
Q

In the PT, what percentage of sodium is reabsorbed?

A

~67%

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14
Q

T/F. 67% of sodium is reabsorbed in the PT. 25% in the ascending thick limb of the loop of henle, and 5-7% in the DT. 2-3% in collecting ducts

A

True. ~0.6 % of filtered Na+ is excreted

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15
Q

This system functions to promote sodium reabsorption. In addition, it stimulates K+ and H+ excretion

A

RAAS

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16
Q

T/F. Low blood volume, low renal blood flow, low sodium delivery to the distal tubule, and increased sympathetic innervation all lead to release of renin from the kidneys and activation of the RAAS

A

True

17
Q

This hormone preferentially constricts the efferent arterioles (increasing the FF), increases Na+ reabsorption, and promotes aldosterone secretion

A

Angiotensin II

18
Q

Release of this hormone is stimulated by: angiotensin II, high K+, and ACTH

A

Aldosterone

19
Q

Release of this hormone is inhibited by Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and high [Na+]

A

Aldosterone

20
Q

This hormone functions to:

  • Increase Na+ reabsorption (principal cells)
  • Increase K+ secretion (principal cells)
  • Increase H+ secretion (intercalated cells)
A

Aldosterone

21
Q

This hormone is secreted by the cardia atria in response to increased blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

22
Q

This hormone inhibits Na+ reabsorption, renin release, and aldosterone formation (increasing GFR)

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

23
Q

Activates the alpha-1 (PT) and beta-1 receptors (juxtaglomerular cells)

Stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the PT and stimulates renin release (activating RAAS)

Also decreases GFR and renal blood flow

A

Sympathetic NS

24
Q

This hormone promotes an increase in ICF potassium by increasing transport of K+ into the cells (this occurs by stimulating the activity of Na/K ATPase)

A

Insulin

25
Q

What effect does hyperosmolarity of the ECF have on ICF K+ levels?

A

ICF K+ levels decrease b/c high ECF osmolarity causes water to diffuse from the cell. ICF K+ concentration increases, causing K+ to leave via K+ leak channels

26
Q

T/F. The H+/K+ antiporter functions such that if there is a high H+ concentration on one side of the cell membrane, the K+ concentration on that side is low

A

True

27
Q

T/F. The beta receptors promote K+ expulsion, while the alpha receptors promote K+ entry

A

False. The beta receptors promote K+ entry, while alpha receptors promote K+ expulsion

28
Q

These cells function in reabsorption of K+

A

Intercalated cells

29
Q

What are the two major factors in renal handling of K+?

A

Dietary K+ intake and aldosterone (increases K+ secretion) levels

30
Q

These cells are involved in K+ secretion (promoted by aldosterone)

A

Principal cells

31
Q

___ is released as the result of direct stimulation of K+ on the adrenal glands (functions to increase K+ secretion)

A

Aldosterone

32
Q

T/F. The TF/P for a freely filtered substance is >1 in the PT

A

False. The TF/P for a freely filtered substance is 1 in the PT

33
Q

T/F. The sympathetic NS stimulates release of renin, which activates the RAAS

A

True

Week 2 Phys (17 decks)

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