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Week 2 Phys > 23 Lymphatic organs and lymphatic circulation > Flashcards

23 Lymphatic organs and lymphatic circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Well developed in newborns and younger children. However, when you hit adolescence, this organ involutes (shrinks and is gradually replaced with adipose tissue)

A

Thymus

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2
Q

The lymphatic tissue found in the walls of the gut

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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3
Q

o Principal site of hematopoiesis (production of the formed elements: RBCs, leukocytes, platelets aka thrombocytes)
o Islands of stem cells that replace lost cells
o Stem cells surrounded by a branching, leaky capillary network (aka a sinusoid)
o Site of macrophage breakdown of worn-out erythrocytes and iron storage (stored as ferritin for future recycling of erythrocytes)

A

Bone marrow

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4
Q

The lumen is lined by simple squamous epithelium. Sits on a basal membrane (basal lamina). There are adventitial cells in the outer layer.

A

Sinusoid

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5
Q

o Gives rise to myeloblast and lymphoblast cell lineages
 Myeloblasts: Turn into
• RBCs
• Eosinophils
• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Monocytes: turn into macrophages upon entry into tissues
• Megakaryocytes: pieces break off to form platelets
 Lymphoblasts: turn into
• B lymphocytes: mature into plasma cells in the lymph nodes
• T lymphocytes

A

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

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6
Q

Found only in lymph nodes and the spleen

A

Reticular fibers

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7
Q

Found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and all other lymphatic organs

A

Reticulocytes

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8
Q

Consists of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix. Always surrounded by a connective tissue capsule (dense irregular connective tissue)

A

Lymphatic organs

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9
Q

o Consist of multiple germinal centers and have invaginated outer edges (with crypts: or crevices). Help trap material and facilitate its identification by lymphocytes
o Several groups form a protective ring around the pharynx
 Pharyngeal
 Palatine
 Lingual: posterior-most aspect of the tongue

A

Tonsils

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10
Q

Clusters of calcified material that form in the tonsillar crypts (i.e. the crevices of the tonsils). Contain volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)

A

Tonsillolith

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11
Q

o Lobulated organ w/ dark cortex, light medulla
o Immature lymphocytes mature into immunocompetent T-cells: i.e. helpers & cytotoxic T cells
o Sends mature T cells to target organs
o Hormones are produced by epithelioreticulocytes, which make up much of the cellular population of this gland.

A

Thymus

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12
Q 
	Thymulins
	Thymosins
	THF (thymic humoral factor)
	Thymopoietins
	Interferons (INFs)
	Interleukins
A

Hormones of the Thymus

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13
Q

Cells of the thymus that produce hormones

A

Epithelioreticulocytes

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14
Q

aka hassal’s corpuscle. These epithelioreticulocytes have flattened nuclei, twist around each other, they are large, and they are keratinized

A

Type 6 epithelioreticulocyte

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15
Q 
o	Small, round, or oval structures
o	Range in length: 1 to 25 mm, typically found in clusters
o	Clusters: axillary, inguinal, cervical
o	Individually throughout the body tissues
o	Composed of
	Capsule
	Cortex
	Medulla
A

Lymph nodes

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16
Q

o Contains proliferating B-lymphocytes and some macrophages in this region of the nodule (lighter in staining)

A

Germinal center

17
Q

o T-lymphocytes are located deep to the follicles. It is in the ___ of the lymph nodes that aggregates of t-lymphocytes are found (as opposed to the nodules in which B cells are found)

A

Paracortex

18
Q

The cells of the lymphatic nodules that are mainly responsible for attacking antigens

A

Follicular dendritic cells

19
Q

o Contains proliferating B-lymphocytes and some macrophages in the germinal center of the nodule (lighter in staining)
o T-lymphocytes are located deep to the follicles. It is in the paracortex of the lymph nodes that aggregates of t-lymphocytes are found (as opposed to the nodules in which B cells are found)
o Filter and attack antigen. Follicular dendritic cells are the cells mainly responsible for attacking antigens

A

Lymphatic nodules (or follices)

20
Q

o Largest lymphatic organ
o Blood reservoir (of RBCs) and filter
o White pulp: immune component
o Red pulp: filtering component (filters blood). Everything outside the orb-shaped white pulp regions is red pulp

A

Spleen

21
Q

The regions of the spleen surrounding an arteriole. They contain T-lymphocytes

A

PALS (periarteriole lymphatic sheath)

22
Q

Cells found in the connective tissue capsule of the spleen. These are present so that the spleen can contract when blood or RBCs are needed

A

Myofibroblasts

23
Q

o Initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood (white pulp)
o Serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes & platelets (red pulp)
o Phagocytizes defective erythrocytes & platelets (red pulp)
o Phagocytizes foreign materials

A

Functions of the spleen

24
Q

o Detects antigens and initiates an immune response
o Prominent in the mucosa (of the gut tube)
o Includes Peyer’s patches, that are prominent in the ileum

A

MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

25
Q

o Closed-ended tubes that are found in most blood capillary networks
o Similar to a blood capillary, larger in diameter
o No basement membrane
o Overlapping endothelial cells

A

Lymphatic capillaries

26
Q

A worm that takes residence in capillaries. Symptoms are elephantiasis (lymphedema, or accumulation of interstitial fluid in the tissues)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

27
Q

o Special types of lymphatic capillaries
o Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipids, and lipid-soluble vitamins
o Transport chyle

A

Lacteals

28
Q

Name for lymph that is found in the lacteals. It is more viscous than normal lymph

A

Chyle

29
Q

Unfiltered lymph enters lymphatic organs through these vessels

A

Afferent vessels

30
Q

Afferent vessels deliver lymph into these structures

A

Sinuses

31
Q

create a mesh in lymphatic channels, which filter lymph

A

Reticular fibers

32
Q

Filtered lymph exits through these vessels

A

Efferent vessels

33
Q

When lymphocytes can leave circulation and become assimilated into the lymphocyte population of lymphatic organs. This only occurs in the high endothelial venules

A

Homing

34
Q

The only location at which homing can occur

A

high endothelial venules

35
Q

Interstitial fluid that has accumulated in tissue beds. The interstitial fluid leaked out of capillaries

A

Lymph

Week 2 Phys (17 decks)

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