5.3: The behaviourist approach

Question 1

Using the classical conditioning process, explain how someone may acquire a phobia of trains (3 marks)

Answer 1

A phobia of trains could be acquired through classical conditioning by someone who had been in a train crash

Question 2

Using the classical conditioning process, explain how someone may acquire a phobia of trains (3 marks).
A phobia of trains could be acquired through classical conditioning by someone who had been in a train crash, a stimulus that would do what?

Answer 2

A phobia of trains could be acquired through classical conditioning by someone who had been in a train crash, a stimulus that would naturally lead to a fear response

Question 3

Using the classical conditioning process, explain how someone may acquire a phobia of trains (3 marks).
A phobia of trains could be acquired through classical conditioning by someone who had been in a train crash, a stimulus that would naturally lead to a fear response.
What would they learn to do?

Answer 3

They would learn to associate a neutral stimulus, such as the sight of a train, with the fear response

Question 4

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks)

Answer 4

A positive reinforcement strategy could be used

Question 5

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks).
A positive reinforcement strategy could be used.
Example

Answer 5

For example, for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ of something pleasant the children will value

Question 6

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks).
A positive reinforcement strategy could be used.
For example, for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ of something pleasant the children will value.
What could be used?

Answer 6

Direct primary reinforcement could be used

Question 7

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks).
A positive reinforcement strategy could be used.
For example, for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ of something pleasant the children will value.
Direct primary reinforcement could be used.
Example

Answer 7

For example, deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter

Question 8

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks).
A positive reinforcement strategy could be used.
For example, for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ of something pleasant the children will value.
Direct primary reinforcement could be used.
For example, deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter.
What could be used?

Answer 8

Vicarious reinforcement could be used

Question 9

Explain how reinforcement might be used to encourage primary school children to pick up litter in the playground (3 marks).
A positive reinforcement strategy could be used.
For example, for ‘x’ amount of litter, a reward of ‘y’ of something pleasant the children will value.
Direct primary reinforcement could be used.
For example, deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter.
Vicarious reinforcement could be used.
Example

Answer 9

For example, seeing a teacher deliberately rewarding children who pick up litter