5.3 Respiration

Question 1

What are the types of respiration ?

Answer 1

1. Internal; interchange of CO2 & O2 btw circulating blood & cells of body
2. External; interchange of CO2 & O2 btw alveoli of lungs & pulmonary blood

Question 2

What happens during inhalation ?

Answer 2

1. Diaphragm flattens
2. Volume of thoracic cavity increases
3. Lungs expand
4. Ribs move outward and upward

Question 3

What happens during exhalation ?

Answer 3

1. Diaphragm relaxes
2. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases
3. Lung compresses
4. Ribs move inward & downward

Question 4

What are the types of breathing ?

Answer 4

1. Costal/thoracic

2. Diaphragmatic

Question 5

What are the average respiratory rates ?

Answer 5

1. Newborn: 30-80 b pm
2. 1-2 years: 20-40 b pm
3. 8 years: 15-25 b pm
4. 16 years: 15-20 b pm
5. Adult: 12-20 b pm
   Normal:16-20 b pm

Question 6

What are the factors affecting respiration ?

Answer 6

1. Age
2. Exercise
3. Medication
4. Altitude
5. Environment

Question 7

What are characteristics of abnormal respiration ?

Answer 7

1. Tachypnea: >25 b pm
2. Bradypnea: <10 b pm
3. Apnea: total cessation of breathing
4. Dyspnea: difficult breathing
5. Orthopnea: can only breathe in upward position