5.3 Human Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens during puberty?

A

During puberty, reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop

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2
Q

Define primary sexual characteristics

A

Primary sexual characteristics are the ones you are born with

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3
Q

What are the primary sexual characteristics for boys and girls

A
  • Testes for boys
  • Ovaries for girls
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4
Q

What is the main male reproductive hormone

A

The main male reproductive hormone is testosterone which is produced by the testes and stimulates sperm production

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5
Q

Describe the main female reproductive hormone

A

The main female reproductive hormone is oestrogen, which is produced by the ovaries

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6
Q

What role does oestrogen play before the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen causes the development of secondary sex characteristics such as growth spurts, developed pubic hair and developed breasts

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7
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Ovulation occurs at puberty, and is when eggs begin to mature and one is released every 28 days

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8
Q

What is ovulation part of?

A

Ovulation is part of the menstrual cycle

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9
Q

What happens during the menstrual cycle?

A
  • The eggs begin to mature and one is released every 28 days (ovulation)
  • In preparation for ovulation, the uterus produces a thickened lining ready for pregnancy
  • The egg then makes its way down the uterus
  • If sperm is present, the egg becomes fertilised and implants itself into the uterus wall and develops into a baby
  • If the egg does not become fertislised, both the egg and uterus lining are shed and released, which is known as a period
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10
Q

What are the 4 key hormones in the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
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11
Q

What is the role of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH causes the eggs in the ovary to mature

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12
Q

What is the role of LH (Luteinising Hormone) in the menstrual cycle?

A

LH stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

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13
Q

What is the role of Oestrogen and Progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone stimulate the build-up and maintain the lining of the uterus for the egg

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14
Q

How do the hormones interact in the menstrual cycle?

A
  • FSH is released by the pituitary gland. It travels through the blood to the ovaries, where it causes an egg to mature
  • At the same time, FSH also triggers the ovaries to make oestrogen, which causes the lining of the uterus to become thick
  • High levels of oestrogen inhibits (prevents) the production of more FSH and stimulates the release of LH
  • LH triggers ovulation - the releasing of a mature egg
  • Once the ovary has released the egg, it produces the hormone progesterone, which inhibits both FSH and LH, to prevent any more eggs from maturing or being released
  • It also maintains the lining of the uterus in the 2nd half of the cycle, in case an egg becomes fertilised
  • If fertilisation does not occur, the levels of progesterone fall and the uterus lining and egg are released (known as period)
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15
Q

Describe the order in which the hromones are released

A
  • First FSH is released
  • Then Oestrogen
  • Then LH
  • Then Progesterone
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16
Q

What is contraception?

A

Contraception is preventing fertilisation

17
Q

List and describe the hormonal methods of contraception

A
  • Oral contraceptives (such as pills) that contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature
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