5.3 Endomembrane System Flashcards
The Endomembrane system includes -
I. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
II. Golgi complex
III. Lysosomes
IV. Vacuoles.
The organelles whose functions are coordinated are considered as a part of _____ system.
Endomembrane system
Name three organelles whose functions are not coordinated with components of the Endomembrane system.
Mitochondria, chloroplast, and peroxisomes
The presence of a network or reticulum of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm is called ______.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments:
I. luminal (inside ER)
II. Extra-luminal (outside ER or cytoplasm)
The ER-bearing ribosomes on their outer surface are called _____.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
The ER devoid of ribosomes is called ______, which is ______ (smooth/rough).
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); smooth
RER is involved actively in ______.
Synthesis and Secretion of Protein
RER is extensive and continuous with the outer membrane of the ______.
nucleus
SER is a major site for:
Synthesis of lipid
In animal cells, SER synthesis ______ hormones.
Lipid-like steroidal hormones
Golgi bodies were first observed and named by ______ in ____ year.
Camillo Golgi; 1898
Golgi Bodies are ______ structures that are ______ (inside/near) the nucleus.
Densely stained reticular structures;
near the nucleus
______ is common to both ER and Golgi.
Cristernae
Golgi bodies are ______-shaped near the nucleus.
Cisternae (Flattened or disc-shaped sacs)
Diameter of Cisternae of Golgi is:
0.5 μm to 1 μm (in diameter)
The same number of cisternae are present in a Golgi complex.
T/F
False,
A varied number of cisternae are present in a Golgi complex.
The Golgi cisternae are stacked _______ to each other and arranged in _______ way.
Parallel; Concentrically
The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged with two faces:
I. Forming face -
II. Maturing face -
I. Forming face - convex cis
II. Maturing face - concave trans
The cis and the trans faces of Golgi bodies are entirely different and interconnected.
T/F
True
The principle function of the Golgi apparatus is ______, which is delivered either to ______ or ______.
Packaging of materials; Intra-cellular targets or Secreted outside the cell.
Materials to be packaged in the form of ______ from ______ fuse with ______ face and move towards ______ face of Golgi.
vesicles; ER; Cis; Trans
Hence, Golgi apparatus remains in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
T/F
True
Proteins synthesized by ribosomes are transported and chemically modified by
Golgi apparatus
Modified proteins from cisternae are released through ______ face of the Golgi apparatus.
trans face
Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of _______.
glycoproteins and glycolipids
Lysosomes are membrane-bound ______ structures.
vesicular
Lysosomes are formed by the process of ______ in the ______.
packaging; Golgi apparatus
Isolated Lysosomal vesicles are rich in __
Hydrolytic enzymes
The hydrolases present in lysosomes are -
Lipases, proteases, carbohydrases
Enzymes of lysosomal vesicles get active at _______ (acidic/basic) pH.
Acidic
Lysosomal enzymes are capable of:
Digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Vacuole is a double membrane-bound space or not.
Vacuole is a single membrane-bound space found in the cytoplasm.
Vacuoles contain ________ that are not useful for the cell.
water, sap, excretory product and other materials
The vacuole is bound by a single membrane called _______.
tonoplast
In plant cells, Vacuoles occupy up to ______ % of cell volume.
90%
In plants, _______ facilitates the transport of a number of ions and other materials ______ (along/against) concentration gradients into the vacuole.
Tonoplast; against
Hence, the concentration of ions or other materials is significantly ______ (lower/higher) in the vacuole than in the
cytoplasm.
higher
______ vacuole responsible for ______ in Amoeba.
contractile vacuole; Osmoregulation and excretion
In protists, _______ vacuoles are formed by ______.
food vacuole; engulfing the food particles
