5.3 - classification of biodiversity

Question 1

who developed the binomial nomenclature and what is it?

Answer 1

• Carolus linnaeus
• it names living organisms in a certain way so that all biologists use the same system

Question 2

4 reasons why the binomial nomenclature is important.

Answer 2

• allows for identification and comparison
• all organisms are named and globally recognised because of it
• can make predictions of evolution links
• makes collecting, sorting and grouping easier

Question 3

why do we have international cooperation to classify organisms?

Answer 3

because places have a local name but it varies so each organism needs an internationally recognised name.

Question 4

what is the first name of the scientific name called?

Answer 4

genus and it is capitalised
- type in italics or write underlined

Question 5

what is the second name of the scientific name called?

Answer 5

species and it is lowercase
- type in italics or write underlined

Question 6

what are species organised into?

Answer 6

taxa (pl) or taxon

Question 7

what is a taxon?

Answer 7

• a group of organisms
• a hierarchy used to classify organisms based on characteristics

Question 8

what is the hierarchy that taxonomists follow?

Answer 8

the DOMAIN of the KINGDOM of PHYLUM has a CLASS of ORDERS where my FAMILY studies GENUS SPECIES

Question 9

what are the three domains?

Answer 9

-Eubacteria: bacteria, prokaryotic cells, simple structure no nucleus, E. coli
-Archaea: archaeans, prokaryotic cells, simple and no nucleus, extremophiles
- Eukarya: eukaryotes, contain membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, protists, plants, fungi and animals
VIRUSES ARE NOT ANY OF THESE BC THEY DON’T LIVE

Question 10

how does eukaryotic classification work?

Answer 10

• all eukaryotes using taxa
• kingdom level there is the highest number of species compared to species level with only one species.

Question 11

what is natural classification?

Answer 11

• based on the theory that all members of a genus or higher taxon should have a common ancestor.
• expected that members of each group will share many characteristics
• each taxonomic level has species that have evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 12

what is artificial grouping?

Answer 12

• grouping species such as birds, bats and butterflies because they have wings.
• limitations to natural classification as the species may not have a common ancestor jest bc of similar looks or features.

Question 13

why is reviewing classification important?

Answer 13

• new evidence like protein sequencing, DNA hybridisation, and DNA sequencing can alter classification.
• can mean groups are split or combined

Question 14

what are the three classification schemes?

Answer 14

• Artificial classification: identifying visual characteristics in a group of organisms
• Natural classification: grouping organisms based on similarities then characteristics related to ancestors
• Phylogenetic classification: organises organisms according to genetics

Question 15

what are Dichotomous keys?

Answer 15

• a numbered species of pairs of descriptions or split into two categories repeatedly
• used to help identify something such as leaves

Question 16

what is Bryophyta

Answer 16

• No vascularization (i.e. no xylem or
  phloem).
• contains a rhizoid and no “true” leaves, roots or stems.
  Reproduces by releasing spores from the sporangia (reproductive stalk).
  Examples: moss and liverwort

Question 17

what is Filicinophyta

Answer 17

• Vascular structure (contains a xylem and phloem).
• Contains leaves, roots and stems (leaves are large fronds).
• Reproduces by releasing spores from clusters on the underside of the leaves (sori).
• Examples: ferns.

Question 18

what are Coniferophyta?

Answer 18

• Vascular structure (contains a xylem and phloem).
• Contains leaves, roots and stems; the stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like.
• Reproduce by non-motile gametes found in cones.
• Examples: pine trees and conifers.

Question 19

what are Angiospermophyta?

Answer 19

• Vascular structure (contains a xylem and phloem).
• Contains leaves, roots and stems.
• Reproduces seeds produced in ovules within flowers (and seeds may develop in fruits).
• Examples: flowering plants.

Question 20

what are Porifera?

Answer 20

• Asymmetrical body (varied shapes).
• No mouth or anus, and uses pores to facilitate the transport of materials.
• May have silica or calcium carbonate internal spicules for structural support.
• Examples: sea sponges.

Question 21

what are Cnidaria?

Answer 21

• Radial symmetry.
• Has a mouth but no anus (only single entrance into body cavity).
• Soft (but can have calcium carbonate corals) and has tentacles with stinging cells
  to disable and catch prey.
• Examples: jellyfish, sea anemones and coral.

Question 22

what are Platyhelmintha?

Answer 22

• Bilateral symmetry.
• Has a mouth but no anus.
• Flattened body shape to increase surface area to volume ratio. May be parasitic.
• Examples: tapeworms and planaria.

Question 23

what are Annelida?

Answer 23

• Bilateral symmetry.
• Separate mouth and anus cavities.
• Body is composed of ringed segments and segments may be specialized in function.
• Examples: earthworms and leeches.

Question 24

what are Mollusca?

Answer 24

• Bilateral symmetry.
• Has a separate mouth and anus cavity.
• Consists of a muscular foot and mantle (shell) and visceral mass.
• Examples: snails and octopus.

Question 25

what are Arthropoda?

Answer 25

• Bilateral symmetry.
• Separate mouth and anus cavities.
• Has jointed body sections with a hard exoskeleton made of chitin.
• Examples: insects and spiders.

Question 26

what are Chordata?

Answer 26

• Bilateral symmetry.
• Has a separate mouth and anus cavity.
• Contains a notochord with a dorsal
  nerve tube for at least part of their life cycles.
• Examples: birds, reptiles, mammals
  and fish.

Question 27

what are chordates?
- vertebrates

Answer 27

animals that have developed through an embryonic state