5.2B Flashcards
What are the four neck and back muscles
Platysma
Sternocleido mastoideus
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
What does the platysma do
Depresses the lower jaw and lip
What does the sternocleido mastoideus do
Causes to head to move from side to side and up-and-down
What do the trapezius and latissimus dorsi do
They draw the head back, rotate shoulder blades and control swinging of the arm
Where is the deltoid
Top of the shoulder
Where is the serratus anterior And what does it do
Underneath the latissimus dorsi
it helps lift the arm and aids in breathing
What does the supinator do
It turns the palm up
What does the pronator do
It turns the palm down word and Inward
Where is the flexor and what does it do
The flexor is located on the outside of the forearm
Bends wrists and closes fingers
Where is the extensor and what does it do
Located on the top and inner part of the forearm
Straightens fingers and wrist
What does the abductor do
Separates fingers
What does the adductor do
Draws fingers together
What does the opponens do
Gives the ability to grasp or make a fist
What is another word for the circulatory system
The vascular system
What does the circulatory system do
Controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body
What are the two interrelated systems of the circulatory system
Cardiovascular a.k.a. blood vascular
Lymph vascular
What system is responsible for the circulation of blood
The cardiovascular circulatory system
What are the four parts of the cardiovascular system
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
What system does the cardiovascular system combine with to maintain circulation
Lymph vascular system
What are the four chambers of the heart
Upper right and left atrium and lower right and left ventricle
What is a normal heart rate
60 to 80 times per minute
What is the membrane that encases the heart
Pericardium
What are the four things that blood is made up of
Read corpuscles
White corpuscles
Platelets
Plasma
What is another name for red blood cells
Erythrocytes a.k.a. red corpuscles
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin
What does hemoglobin do
Attracts oxygen through oxygenation
What color is oxygen rich blood
Bright red as opposed to a deep scarlet red which is oxygen poor blood
What is another name for the white blood cell
Leukocytes a.k.a. white corpuscles
What do leukocytes do
Fight bacteria and other foreign substances
What is another word for the blood platelets
Thrombocytes
What do thrombocytes do
Thrombocytes a.k.a. blood platelets are responsible for clotting blood
What is plasma
The Fluid part of blood And is about 90% water
What does plasma do
Carries RBC, WBC and blood platelets through the body
Name the blood vessels from largest to smallest
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Do arteries carry blood away or to the heart
Away
Do arteries carry pure blood that is bright red or impure blood that is dark red
Arteries carry pure blood that is bright red away from the heart
Describe the artery size
They are tubular, elastic and thick walled
Do veins carry blood away from or to the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart from the capillaries
Do veins carry pure blood that is bright red or in pure blood that is dark red
Veins carry impure blood that is dark red in color to the heart
Describe the size of veins
Tubular, elastic, thin walled
What are the two branching vessels of the heart
Arteries and veins
What is the primary functions of the capillaries
They take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to the cells
They take waste from the cells to the veins
Describe the size of capillaries
Small vessels
What is systemic or general circulation
The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
How does oxygen depleted blood enter the heart
Oxygen depleted blood enters through the right atrium AKA the right auricle of the heart through the superior vena cava
After entering the superior vena cava what happens next to the blood
The blood is in pump through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
How many arteries and veins are there in the face head and neck
9
What are the different types of arteries in the face head and neck
Carotid Occipital Auricular Temporal Maxillary Jugular
What are the two arteries and veins in the face had a neck that have both an internal and external
Carotid and jugular
Where are the carotid arteries located
On either side of the neck
What does the internal carotid artery do
Supplies blood to the brain eyes and forehead
What does the external carotid artery do
It’s supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the head
How does all the blood from the head face and neck return
Through the internal and external jugular veins
What are the four smaller arteries of the external carotid artery
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Superficial temporal
External maxillary
Where does the occipital artery supply blood
To the back of the head up to the crown
Where does the posterior auricular supply blood
To the scalp above and behind the ears
Where does the superficial temporal supply blood
To the sides and top of the head
Where does the external maxillary supply blood
To the lower portion of the face including the mouth and nose
How many lymph nodes are there in the body
Over 100
What are the two primary roles of the lymph node
Filter out toxic substances
Add antibodies to the fluid
What is the study of the nervous system
Neurology
What are the three subsystems of the nervous system
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
What is another word for the central nervous system
Cerebrospinal
What are the three primary components of the nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
How much does the brain weigh
44-48 oz
What does the cerebrum manage and where is it
Mental activity
Upper front of the cranium
What does the cerebellum manage and where is it
Muscle movement
Occipital area below the cerebrum
What do the pons manage and where is it
Connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column
Below the cerebrum and in front of the cerebellum
What does the medulla oblongata manage and where is it
Connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column
Below the pons
What are the four major parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What is responsible for all voluntary and involuntary body actions
The central nervous system
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the spinal cord
31
Where does the peripheral nervous system extend nerves too
Voluntary muscles of the body and to the surface of the skin
What are the six systems that the autonomic nervous system controls
Respiratory Excretory Digestive Reproductive Endocrine Circulatory
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for
All involuntary body functions such as breathing blinking sweating and digesting
What are the two subsystems of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
What does the sympathetic nervous system do
Accelerates heart rate
Constricts blood vessels
Raises blood pressure
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do
Slows the heart rate
Dilates blood vessels
Lowers blood pressure
What is homeostasis
The state of balance achieved through the opposing functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
What are three assistants of the nerve cells
Dendrites
Axons
Synapses
What are dendrites
Short fibers that extend from nerve cells to receive messages from adjacent neurons
What are the synapses
The bridge across which nerve impulses pass
What Is the function of the axons
The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons muscles and glands
What do nerves do
Nerves or nerve tissues carry information to and from the brain
What are the three types of nerves classified by the direction
Sensory a.k.a. afferent
Motor a.k.a. efferent
Mixed
Or sensory nerves afferent or efferent
Afferent
What do sensory/ afferent nerves do
Carrie messages to the brain and spinal cord
Determine the sense of smell site touch hearing and taste
What do motor/efferent nerves do
Carry messages from the brain to the muscles
Receive messages from the brain and cause the muscles to contract or expand
What do mixed nerves do
Perform both sensory and motor functions
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12
Where do cranial nerves originate from
Brain
What do cranial nerves do
They connect the brain with other parts of the body such as the face head and neck
What is the olfactory nerve
Sense of smell
What is the optic nerve
Sense of sight
What is the oculomotor nerve
Motion of the eye
What is the trochlear nerve
Motion of the eye
What is the trifacial nerve
Sensations of face tongue and teeth
What is the abducent nerve
Motion of the eye
What are the three nerves associated with motion of the eye
Oculomoter
Trochlear
Abducent
What is the acoustic nerve
Sense of hearing
What is the glossopharyngeal nerve
Sense of taste
What is the Vagus nerve
Motion of the ear pharynx larynx heart lungs and esophagus
What is the accessory nerve
Motion of neck muscles
What is the hypoglossal nerve
Motion of the tongue
What number in the cranial nerves is the Tri facial nerve
5th
What is the chief sensory nerve of the face
The trifacial nerve
What nerve transmits Facial sensations to the brain
Trifacial nerve
What are the three main nerves off of the trifacial nerve
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
What is the primary motor nerve of the face
The facial nerve which is the seventh cranial
What are the primary nerves in the arm and hand
Radial
Digital
Ulnar
Median
Where is the median nerve
It extends down the middle forearm into the hand
