5.1 and 5.2A Flashcards
Building blocks of human body
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Anatomy vs physiology
What vs How
Study of organs and systems
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Study of the function of organs and systems
Gross anatomy vs histology
Study of anatomy to naked eye
Study of microscopic structures
Three basic parts of a cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Membrane
What does a nucleus do
Control center of all activities, vital to its reproduction
What is the cytoplasm
Production department of a cell, site of most chemical activities, where organelles store nutrients
What is the cell membrane?
The outer surface and enclosing structure of the cell
What is mitosis
Indirect division, cells reproduce by dividing in half
What is the metabolism
The chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction
What are the two phases of metabolism
Anabolism, building up larger molecules from smaller molecules
Catabolism, breaking down of large molecules into smaller
What are the five primary types of tissue
Epithelial Connective Nerve Muscular Liquid
Explain organs
They perform specific functions and are composed of two or more different issues.
some examples are the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, and the skin
What are 10 body systems
Skeletal muscular circulatory nervous digestive excretory respiratory endocrine reproductive integumentary
What does the epithelial tissue do
Covers and protects the body surfaces and internal organs
The study of organs and systems of the body is called
Anatomy
Another name for histology is
Microscopic anatomy
Cells are composed of a gel like substance called
Protoplasm
What performs most of the cells activities
Organelles
How many bones are there
206
What is osteology
Study Of bones
What are the three types of bones
Long bones such as arms and legs
Flat bones such as ribs and school
Irregular bones such as wrist ankle and spinal column
What are bones composed of
2/3 mineral matter
1/3 organic matter
How is the skull divided
The cranium which contains 8 bones and the facial skeleton which is 14 bones
What are the six types of bones in the cranium
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid,
Which of the bones in the cranium have two bones
Parietal and temporal
What are the 5 types of bones in the facial skeleton
Lacrimal zygomatic mandible nasal and Maxillae
What is the lacrimal bone
Inner eye socket
What is the zygomatic
Upper cheek
What is the mandible
Lower jaw
What is the nasal
Bridge of the nose
What is the maxillae
Upper jaw 2 bones
What are the neckbones
Hyoid and Cervical vertebrae
What does the hyoid do
Supports the muscles of the tongue
What are the 4 back chest and shoulder bones
The clavicle, which is the collarbone
The scapula which is the shoulder bone
The sternum which is the chest Bone
The thoracic vertebrae which is the spine
What are the 6 arm wrist and hand bones
Radius which controls the thumb
Metacarpals which formed the palm of the hand
Phalanges which control the fingers
Humorous which is the largest bone of the upper arm
Carpals eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist
Ulna which controls the pinky
What is myology
Study of the structure function and disease of the muscles
How many muscles does the body have
Over 500
What percentage of the body weight do muscles contribute to
40%
What are the four functions of the muscular system
Movement
Attachment
Protection
Shape
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Striated
Non-striated
Cardiac
What is the striated muscle
Voluntary, response to command
Non-striated muscle
Involuntary response automatically to control body functions of internal organs
Cardiac
Involuntary, muscle of the heart itself, the only muscle of its type in the body
Anterior
In front of
Posterior
Behind or in back of
Superioris
Located above or is larger
Inferioris
Located below or is smaller
Levator
Lifts up
Depressor
Draws down
Dilator
Opens, enlarges or expands
What are the three parts of the muscle
Origin
Insertion
Belly
What is the insertion
The portion of muscle joined to removable attachment, bones, movable muscles or skin. This is the starting point in massage
What is the origin
Non-moving fixed portion, attached to bones or to other fixed muscle
What is the belly
Midsection of the muscle between two attached sections
What are tendons
Fibrous tissue that attaches the muscle to the bone allowing bones to move
What are ligaments
Strong bands of fibrous tissue that connects bones to each other, such as in the knees
Where should you start the massage on the muscle
Insertion point
What are the three scalp muscles
The epicranius covers the scalp, contains 2 muscles, and is joined by the aponeurosis tendon.
The two muscles inside the epicranius is the frontalis and the occipitalis
What does the frontalis do
Raises eyebrows
What does the occipitalis do
Draws the scalp back
What is the word that covers anything about the ear
Auricularis
What are the four eye and nose muscles
Corrugator
Levator palpebrae superioris
Orbicularis oculi
Procerus
What does the corrugator do
Draws eyebrows in and down
What does the levator palpebrae superioris do
Raises eyelid
What does the orbicularis oculi do
Closes eyelid
What does the procerus do
Draws the brow down
Oris orbicularis
Circles the mouth, responsible for kissing or whistling
Quadratus labii superioris
Consist of three parts, located in the upper lip, raises the nostrils in the upper lip, expresses distaste
Risorius
Located at the corner of the mouth, drowse mouth up to grin
Quadratus labii inferioris
Located below the lower lip, Pause the lower lip down or to the side to express sarcasm
Caninus
Located above the corners of the mouth, raises angle of the mouth as in snarling
Mentalis
Located at the tip of the chin, push his lower lip up and wrinkles chin as in expressing doubt
Triangularis
Located below the corners of the mouth, draws corners of the mouth down as an expressing sadness
Buccinator
Located between the jaws and the cheek, responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly as in blowing
Zygomaticus
Located outside the corners of the mouth, draws the mouth up and back as in laughing, consists of the zygomaticus major and minor
What are the two mastication muscles
Temporalis and Masseter
What does the temporalis do
Open and close the jar to chew a.k.a. mastication
What does the masseter do
Aids in closing the jaw to chew
