5.2.1 Sponges Flashcards
- entirely aquatic, mostly marine animals
- sedentary animals that have no body symmetry and lack tissues, organs, or organ systems
- consist of just four primary cell types arranged around a system of pores and canals.
- feed by ____—their collar cells create water currents that pull in organic particles.
- have an inner meshwork of ______, that serves as an internal skeleton
Sponges
filtration
microscopic spicules or collagen fibers
What phylum does sponges belong??
Porifera
What are the three body types of sponges??
Ascon
sycon
leucon
- no folding to its body wall and is simply a hollow tube just a few cells thick with a prominent osculum at the top.
- generally quite small
Ascon
- simple infolding to their body walls
- larger due to increased surface-to-volume ratio
Sycon
- body folds that are themselves folded, resulting in a series of chambers connected by canals.
- most prominent/majority
Leucon
_____is crucial to understanding the anatomy of sponges and the reasons for their cellular organization.
more folds=more efficient in extracting oxygen
Water flow
Complete the process of water flow:
____->incurrent canals->_____->radial canal->choanocytes->Amoebocytes->____-> spongocoel->osculum
Ostia; porocytes; apopyle
- is a sycon sponge, with an intermediate body type and simple folding of its body walls
Grantia or Scypha
- pores where water enters
Ostia (ostium)
- tiny pores are actually openings; elongated, doughnut shaped cells
Porocytes
______–>incurrent canals
Porocytes–>____
Ostia
radial canals
-Specialized cells from choanoflagellates; trap small food particles with their flagella and engulf them through phagocytosis but do not digest them
Choanocytes
-are mobile cells that reside in the gelatinous matrix between the choanocytes and the pinacocytes, the cells making up the outer layer oft he sponge; carry food to
other cells within the sponge body; undergo developmental changes to transform into any other cell type that may be required for the sponge to function properly.
Amoebocytes
Reproduction:
have strong powers of _____
reproduce sexually by ____/_____
regeneration
fragmentation or budding
- another form of asexual reproduction
Formation of Gemmule
- a densely matted, hardened ball containing amoebocytes surrounded by a coating of collagen and spicules
Gemmule
-are the skeletal elements of sponges and are secreted by sclerocytes this skeleton is composed of hard, crystalline
Spicules (and spongin)
- more flexible proteinaceous material
Spongin
- properties of sponges that illustrates the loose physiological connections between their cells
Reaggregation
- thin protoplasmic extensions
filopodia
Give the three classes of Phylum porifera
Calcarea
Hexactinellida
Demospongiae
Marine sponges that possess small, needle shaped, calcium carbonate spicules with three or
four rays; may have ascon, sycon, or leucon body type
Calcarea
Marine sponges with six rayed spicules composed ofsilica; either sycon or leucon body type
Hexactinellida
Often brilliantly colored, mostly marine sponges with skeletons composed ofspongin (a flexible,
structural protein), spicules, or both; leucon body type; some freshwater species inhabit
streams, ponds, and lakes
Demospongiae
Calcarea: Scypha, _____
Hexactinellida: ______ (Venus flower basket)
________: Spongilla, bath sponges, commercial sponges
Leucosolenia
Euplectella
Demospongiae
