5.2 - Nationalism & Revolution Flashcards
What is absolutism?
Absolute power given to the monarch and his advisors
European monarchs practiced absolutism.
What does the term ‘divine right’ refer to?
The idea that monarchs were sent by God; used to solidify rule
This concept justified the absolute authority of kings.
Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants
They faced persecution in Catholic France.
Who was Philip II?
The most powerful monarch in Spain
He was a devout Catholic and sought to end Protestantism.
What significant conflict did Philip II engage in against England?
The Spanish Armada (1588)
This resulted in a loss to Queen Elizabeth I, weakening Philip II’s power.
Who was the first Tudor monarch?
Henry VII
He established the Tudor dynasty in England.
Which Tudor monarch created the Anglican Church?
Queen Elizabeth I
She was a key figure in the English Reformation.
What was King George III known for?
Being a ‘tyrant’ king of England during the American Revolution
He ruled during a time of significant colonial unrest.
Who was Louis XIV?
The most powerful French monarch, known as ‘The Sun King’
His motto was ‘I am the state’ and he built the Palace of Versailles.
What was unique about Louis XIV’s tax system?
Poor people paid the most taxes, while the rich paid little to none
This unjust system contributed to the French Revolution.
Who was Peter the Great?
A Russian monarch who sought to westernize Russia
He came to the throne in 1689 and brought the Eastern Orthodox church under control.
What did Catherine the Great achieve during her reign?
Expanded Russian borders and was influenced by European thinkers
Her reign lasted from 1762 to 1796.
What were some ideals under attack during the American Revolution?
Divine right of kings, state control of trade, aristocratic privilege, authority of a single church
These ideals were challenged by revolutionary thought.
List some shared ideals during the American Revolution.
- Liberty
- Equality
- Free trade
- Religious tolerance
- Human rationality
- Democracy
- Popular sovereignty
These ideals fueled revolutionary movements.
What was a major cause of the American Revolution?
Struggle for independence under oppressive British rule
Colonies had enjoyed autonomy before Britain tightened control.
What slogan became popular among American colonists?
‘No taxation without representation’
This phrase encapsulated colonial grievances against British taxes.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor as a protest
This event occurred in 1773 and was a response to the Tea Act.
What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?
It outlined the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
It also stated that people have the right to overthrow the government.
Who led the colonial army during the American Revolution?
George Washington
He played a crucial role in the victory over British forces.
What was a major effect of the American Revolution?
Accelerated the growth of democracy and democratic tendencies
It inspired other revolutions and political changes worldwide.
What was the US Constitution’s relationship to Enlightenment ideals?
It incorporated checks and balances and shared power between federal and state governments
This structure was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers.
