5.2 Ethical Principles in Practice Flashcards
What is informed consent?
- freedom of choice
should be: - voluntary, without direct or indirect pressure
- no implicit or explicit coercion
What are the 3 central principles?
- informed consent
- minimisation of harm
- privacy and confidentiality
What is necessary for informed consent to be adhered to? When can this not happen?
- PPs must be given the full information
however, some studies require PPs to not be aware or the hypothesis which may involve: - withholding information
- false/misleading info
What is the standardised procedure for consent?
patient information sheet (PIS)
- description of study
- explanation of risks/benefits
- statement about right to withdraw
- no jargon
patient consent form
- confirm the key features
- PPs and researchers signature
Why is a randomised design good?
pre-existing differences will be averaged
What is privacy?
PPs have the right to not provide info to the researcher
What is confidentiality?
right to withhold info from third parties
What is a cost-benefit analysis?
risks vs benefits
- greater potential risks require stronger safeguards
What is the ethics review process within the NHS?
NHS research ethics service (RES)
- committed to enable ethical research
- promotes transparency and support for clinical research
What is the code of ethics and conduct in the British psychological society?
- contains the standards for psychological proffessionals
- guides decision making
What are the 4 general principles of the BPS code of ethics and conduct?
- respect
- competence
- responsibility
- integrity
What are the steps for ethical decision making in the 4 component model?
- ethical sensitivity
- ethical reasoning
- ethical motivation
- ethical implementation
What are the 3 foundational principles in identifying an ethical issue?
- nonmaleficence: not causing others harm
- beneficence: doing good/benefiting others
- respect for autonomy: freedom of action and choice
