1.2 Major Divisions of the Brain Flashcards
What are the planes of section in the brain?
- coronal
- sagittal
- horizontal
What are the 4 subdivisions?
Spinal cord and…
- hindbrain
-midbrain
-forebrain
What subdivisions are found in the forebrain?
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
What subdivision is found in the midbrain?
mesencephalon
What subdivisions are found in the hindbrain?
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon
What does the myelencephalon control?
Basic function such as..
- respiration
- providing motor input to tongue
- blood pressure
- heart rate
What is the nucleus ambiguus’ function (myelencephalon)
Gives rise to the vagus nerve.
Vagus = part pf ANS which controls: heart muscle, smooth muscle such as blood vessels and glands
What do you find in the metencephalon?
Pons and cerebellum
What is the pons? (metencephalon)
Contains nuclei with one of the functions being controlling sleep and arousal
What is the cerebellum? (metencephalon)
Sensory motor structure.
Helps integrate sensory info to help modify motor output.
Coordinates and smoothens movement.
What is the mesencephalon consist of? (midbrain)
Tectum & Tegmentum
What does the tectum consist of?
Explain each one
(mesencephalon)
Inferior and superior colliculi- known as little hills.
Inferior: part of auditory system
Superior: part of visual system, involved in production of rapid eye movement
What 3 structures are in the tegmentum?
(mesencephalon)
- periaqueductal grey
- red nucleus
- substantia nigra
What is the red nucleus function? (tegmentum)
Part of the motor system (muscles in shoulder and upper arm)
What is the substantia nigra part of? (tegmentum)
motor system
What is periaqueductal grey? (tegmentum)
Involved in species-typical behaviour
What two structures are found in the diencephalon? (forebrain)
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
What is the thalamus? (diencephalon)
- divided into nuclei
- some are sensory nuclei: transmit info from receptors to cortex
- non sensory nucleis function are unknown
What is the hypothalamus? (diencephalon)
- organises autonomic aspects related to survival
the 4 Fs: - fighting, feeding, fleeing and mating
- also homeostasis
- contains many nuclei with distinct functions e.g suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythms)
What do you find in the telencephalon? (forebrain)
2 cerebral hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
consists mainly of:
- limbic system
- basil ganglia
- cerebral cortex
What do you find in the cerebral cortex? (telencephalon)
the four lobes:
- frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital
What do you find in the occipital lobe? (telencephalon)
primary visual cortex
What do you find in the temporal lobe? (telencephalon)
primary auditory cortex
What do you find in the parietal lobe? (telencephalon)
primary somatosensory cortex
What do you find in the frontal lobe? (telencephalon)
primary motor cortex
- involved in planning and emotional behaviour
What is the limbic system? (telencephalon)
collection of structures involved in memory and emotion. consists of:
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- cingulate cortex
- septum
- mamillary bodies
What does the basil ganglia consist of? (telencephalon)
important group of nuclei concerned with movement
- caudate nucleus
- globus pallidus
- substantia nigra
- subthalamic nucleus
